fa <p data-end="464" data-start="91" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong data-end="105" data-start="91">Objective:</strong>&nbsp;Toothache, commonly resulting from dental caries, fractures, or thermal sensitivity, is among the most distressing forms of pain. Traditional medicine and ethnobotanical knowledge have long utilized medicinal plants for toothache relief. This study aims to identify and document the medicinal plants traditionally used across Iran to alleviate toothache.</span></span></p> <p data-end="861" data-start="466" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong data-end="482" data-start="466">Methodology:</strong>&nbsp;A comprehensive literature review was conducted using keywords including <em data-end="576" data-start="558">medicinal plants</em>, <em data-end="584" data-start="578">Iran</em>, <em data-end="593" data-start="586">tooth</em>, <em data-end="606" data-start="595">toothache</em>, and <em data-end="625" data-start="612">ethnobotany</em>. Databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were systematically searched. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were screened and analyzed to compile a list of plants traditionally employed for toothache management.</span></span></p> <p data-end="1431" data-start="863" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong data-end="875" data-start="863">Results:</strong>&nbsp;Several medicinal plants were identified as prominent remedies for toothache in Iranian ethnobotany, including <em data-end="1007" data-start="989">Origanum vulgare</em>, <em data-end="1029" data-start="1009">Papaver somniferum</em>, <em data-end="1051" data-start="1031">Mentha aquatica L.</em>, <em data-end="1072" data-start="1053">Mentha spicata L.</em>, <em data-end="1097" data-start="1074">Ferula persica Willd.</em>, <em data-end="1122" data-is-only-node="" data-start="1099">Glycyrrhiza glabra L.</em>, <em data-end="1153" data-start="1124">Perovskia abrotanoides Kar.</em>, <em data-end="1178" data-start="1155">Dianthus caryophyllus</em>, <em data-end="1195" data-start="1180">Viola odorata</em>, <em data-end="1215" data-start="1197">Astragalus verus</em>, <em data-end="1238" data-start="1217">Zingiber officinale</em>, <em data-end="1256" data-start="1240">Allium sativum</em>, and <em data-end="1279" data-start="1262">Thymus danensis</em>. These plants are traditionally administered in various forms such as decoctions, powders, and topical applications to relieve pain and inflammation.</span></span></p> <p data-end="1838" data-start="1433" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong data-end="1448" data-start="1433">Conclusion:</strong>&nbsp;Iran&rsquo;s rich botanical diversity and extensive ethnomedicinal heritage provide valuable resources for the treatment of toothache. The findings underscore the potential of these plants as sources for developing novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are recommended to validate their efficacy and safety for modern dental applications.</span></span></p> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> Tooth, Toothache, Traditional medicine, Ethnobotany, Medicinal plants, Treatment, Iran 103 107 http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-443-7&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Aisan Ghaznavi aisanghaznavi@yahoo.com 10031947532846005540 10031947532846005540 No Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Roman Lysiuk pharmacognosy.org.ua@ukr.net 10031947532846005541 10031947532846005541 Yes Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska,69., Lviv, Ukraine