fa <p data-end="447" data-start="114" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong data-end="128" data-start="114">Objective:</strong>&nbsp;Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by intense, unilateral headaches often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. This ethnobotanical review aims to identify medicinal plants traditionally used by the inhabitants of northern Iran for the management and relief of migraine symptoms.</span></span></p> <p data-end="811" data-start="449" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong data-end="465" data-start="449">Methodology:</strong>&nbsp;A comprehensive literature review was performed using the keywords <em data-end="553" data-start="535">medicinal plants</em>, <em data-end="577" data-start="555">traditional medicine</em>, and <em data-end="593" data-start="583">migraine</em> across major databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Irrelevant studies were excluded, and the remaining articles were systematically reviewed to extract relevant ethnobotanical data.</span></span></p> <p data-end="1455" data-start="813" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong data-end="825" data-start="813">Results:</strong>&nbsp;Ethnobotanical data from the northern provinces of Iran (West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Khorasan) revealed the use of several medicinal plants in migraine management. These include <em data-end="1072" data-start="1054">Origanum vulgare</em>, <em data-end="1087" data-start="1074">Rosa canina</em>, <em data-end="1107" data-start="1089">Asperula odorata</em> L., <em data-end="1133" data-start="1112">Zingiber officinale</em>, <em data-end="1158" data-start="1135">Valeriana officinalis</em>, <em data-end="1176" data-is-only-node="" data-start="1160">Echium amoenum</em>, <em data-end="1196" data-start="1178">Ocimum basilicum</em>, <em data-end="1219" data-start="1198">Melissa officinalis</em>, <em data-end="1243" data-start="1221">Tragopogon pratensis</em>, <em data-end="1265" data-start="1245">Salvia officinalis</em>, <em data-end="1280" data-start="1267">Rheum ribes</em>, <em data-end="1296" data-start="1282">Viola suavis</em>, <em data-end="1317" data-start="1298">Ferulago angulate</em>, and <em data-end="1345" data-start="1323">Juniperus polycarpos</em>. These plants are traditionally administered in various forms, such as decoctions, infusions, and extracts.</span></span></p> <p data-end="1842" data-start="1457" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong data-end="1472" data-start="1457">Conclusion:</strong>&nbsp;Medicinal plants rich in analgesic, antispasmodic, and sedative compounds appear to offer therapeutic benefits in migraine management by reducing pain severity and promoting relaxation. While traditional knowledge supports their use, further pharmacological and clinical studies are warranted to confirm their efficacy and safety in evidence-based migraine therapy.</span></span></p> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> Brain, Pain, Migraine, Medicinal plants, Treatment, Iran 8 14 http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-423-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Surena Nazarbaghi surena.nazarbaghi@gmail.com 10031947532846005536 10031947532846005536 No Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Zohre Eftekhari z_eftekhari@pasteur.ac.ir 10031947532846005537 10031947532846005537 Yes Biotechnology Department , Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran , Iran