fa Phytochemistry كاربردي Review/Systemtic review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Objective:</b> The use of medicinal herbs, plant oils, and essential oils for postoperative pain relief has a longstanding history in traditional medicine, particularly in pediatric care, where ancient physicians frequently employed such remedies. Despite their widespread application, comprehensive and systematic scientific evaluations of their efficacy in children remain limited. Preliminary evidence from traditional texts alongside select modern studies suggests a potential role for these natural treatments in managing postoperative pain. This study aims to review classical Iranian traditional medicine sources and assess the current scientific evidence regarding herbal remedies effective in reducing surgical pain in children.<br> <b>Methodology:</b> This review employed a qualitative approach, gathering information from authoritative traditional medical texts such as Avicenna&rsquo;s <i>Canon of Medicine</i>, <i>Zakhireh Kharazmshahi</i>, <i>Tuhfeh Hakim Mo&rsquo;men</i>, and <i>Makhzan al-Advieh</i>. Concurrently, scientific articles were systematically searched and analyzed using keywords including &ldquo;pain,&rdquo; &ldquo;surgery,&rdquo; &ldquo;children,&rdquo; and &ldquo;medicinal plants&rdquo; across indexed academic databases.<br> <b>Results:</b> Analysis revealed a diverse range of medicinal plants traditionally utilized in Iranian medicine for alleviating postoperative pain in children. Notable herbs include <i>Borago officinalis L., Curcuma longa L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Matricaria chamomilla L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Mentha piperita L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss, Nigella sativa L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Salvia officinalis L., Rosa spp. L., Althaea officinalis L., Ricinus communis L., Olea europaea L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.</i> These herbs were primarily administered as gels, oils, essential oils, or through aromatherapy.<br> <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings suggest that certain herbs, particularly chamomile, lavender, marshmallow, aloe vera, and peppermint, demonstrate a favorable safety profile in pediatric populations and have garnered more attention for their analgesic effects after surgery. However, despite substantial traditional documentation and preliminary scientific support, a significant lack of rigorous clinical trials impedes their full scientific acceptance. Further experimental and clinical research is imperative to establish the efficacy and safety of these herbal interventions in pediatric surgical pain management.</span></span><br> <br> &nbsp;</div> Post-operative pain, paediatrics, herbal medicine, aromatherapy, essential oils, Iranian traditional medicine 1 8 http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-25-70&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hatef Alizade Aghdam 10031947532846005798 10031947532846005798 No Assistant Professor of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Motahari Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Rahman Khosravi rkhosravi@ymail.com 10031947532846005799 10031947532846005799 Yes Assistant Professor of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Motahari Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran