en Clinical پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Objective</b>: The increasing prevalence of <i>Candida</i> infections and the emergence of resistance to chemical antifungal medicines, such as fluconazole, has prompted increased research into natural compounds with anti-<i>Candida</i> activity. Probiotics, in particular, are being investigated as promising alternatives due to their lower costs and reduced side effects compared to synthetic drugs. This study aimed to isolate <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains from human and camel urine and evaluate their antifungal activity against three Candida strains isolated from human vaginal samples.<br> <b>Materials and Methods</b>: In this research, <i>Lactobacillus </i>strains were<i> </i>isolated from human and camel urine. Then, the anti-<i>Candida</i> effect of isolated <i>Lactobacillus </i>spp.<i> </i>and<i> </i>two commercial probiotic formulations, Lactofem and Femi capsules containing <i>Lactobacillus </i>spp. 10⁹and 1.65 &times; 10⁹ CFU/mL, respectively, was assessed using the microtiter plate method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, the interaction of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and fluconazole against <i>Candida</i> was investigated using the checkerboard method.<br> <b>Results</b><i>: Lactobacillus brevis</i> and <i>Lactobacillus crispatus </i>were isolated from human urine samples, and <i>Lactobacillus brevis </i>was<i> </i>isolated from<i> </i>camel urine<span dir="RTL" lang="FA">.</span> The MIC of <i>Lactobacillus </i>spp.<i> </i>against <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida glabrata,</i> and <i>Candida krusei</i> was 1.87 &times; 10⁷CFU/mL. Antifungal effects of Lactofem and Femi against three <i>Candida</i> spp. were 6.25 &times; 10⁶ CFU/mL and 2.062 &times; 10⁷ CFU/mL, respectively. Among the probiotics, Lactofem had the highest, and Femi had the lowest anti-<i>Candida</i> effect. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration results show the synergistic effect of the combination of 9.37 &times; 10⁶CFU/mL <i>Lactobacillus</i> and 4 &mu;g/mL fluconazole.<br> <b>Conclusions</b>: The finding of this study indicate that <i>Lactobacillus </i>spp. have potent antifungal activity<i> </i>against <i>Candida</i> infections and show synergistic effect when combined with fluconazole, suggesting their potential as an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach in antifungal therapy. Future research is recommended to focus on developing clinical formulations and validating efficacy through in vivo studies.<br> may be recommended for their applications as an alternative or complementary therapeutic approach in pharmaceutical formulations.</span></span><br> <br> &nbsp;</div> ,Probiotic,Alternative medicine,Microtiter plate,Candidiasis,Fluconazole 29 39 http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-596-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Reihaneh Amini reihaneh.amini66@gmail.com 10031947532846005892 10031947532846005892 No Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science & Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of IRAN Azam Aliasghari Veshareh a.aliasghary@alzahra.ac.ir 10031947532846005893 0009-0000-3215-3560 No Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Rabbani khorasgani rabbani@ut.ac.ir 10031947532846005894 10031947532846005894 Yes Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science & Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of IRAN Parvin Dehghan dehghan@med.mui.ac.ir 10031947532846005895 10031947532846005895 No Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Rasoul Roghanian rasoul_roghanian@yahoo.co.uk 10031947532846005896 10031947532846005896 No Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science & Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of IRAN