Plant Biotechnology Persa

en Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Bioactive Silver Nanoparticles Using Astragalus fasciculifolius Extracts: Regional Phytochemical Variation and Biomedical Potential Herbal Drugs پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">Objective: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a promising strategy in material science and nanotechnology. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized through a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient process. Bioreduction was carried out at room temperature using aqueous root and gum extracts of Anzaroot (Astragalus fasciculifolius Bioss). Methods: Roots and gum of A. fasciculifolius were collected from six locations in Sistan–Baluchestan Province (Table 1). Aqueous extracts (10 g/100 mL) were prepared and analyzed for total phenolics (Folin–Ciocalteu), flavonoids (AlCl₃), and carbohydrates (phenol–sulfuric acid). AgNPs were biosynthesized using 1, 3, and 5 mM AgNO₃ solutions, with 1 mM identified as optimal. Nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, and XRD. Antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) and antimicrobial activity (MIC/MBC) were assessed against four bacterial strains. GC–MS (Agilent 7890A) was performed using an HP-5 MS column. Results: GC–MS analysis revealed pronounced regional differences in gum composition: Khash samples were rich in aliphatic hydrocarbons, Sarava samples contained pharmaceutical-like compounds (pilocarpine, gabapentin derivatives), and Sarbaz gum showed unique nitrogenous constituents (17.52% urea derivatives), suggesting environmental adaptation. ANOVA indicated significant location-dependent differences (p<0.01) in phenolic content (mean 32.41 mg GAE/g), with Poshtkuh showing the highest accumulation (42.61 mg GAE/g). Flavonoids ranged from 0–2.0 mg QE/g, while carbohydrate levels (mean 366.93 mg GE/g) displayed habitat-specific variation (p<0.01). Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited surface plasmon resonance at 400–500 nm and crystalline peaks at 38°, 43°, 64°, and 77.3° (XRD). TEM confirmed spherical AgNPs (5–50 nm), with gum-derived nanoparticles (23.29 nm) demonstrating superior DPPH scavenging (98.40% at 500 μg/mL) compared with root-derived AgNPs (81.41%). Antimicrobial assays (400 μg/mL) showed enhanced Gram-negative inhibition (MIC 3.12–50 μg/mL), whereas crude extracts were more active against Gram-positive strains. Conclusion: This study highlights the diverse phytochemistry, regional variability, and bioactivity of A. fasciculifolius gum, underscoring its potential applications in antimicrobial, antioxidant, and nanomedicine research. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated potent antioxidant and Gram-selective antibacterial properties. Further studies should investigate environmental drivers of metabolite production, elucidate pharmacological mechanisms, and develop scalable AgNP synthesis for therapeutic use. <img alt="" src="./files/site1/images/copuediting.png" style="width: 586px; height: 265px;" ></div> Anzaroot (Astragalus fasciculifolius Bioss),Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus 0 0 http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1514-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatemeh Nosrati fatemeh.nosrati3@gmail.com 10031947532846006024 10031947532846006024 No Department of Plant Breeding and biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 9861335856 Zabol, Iran Barat Ali Fakheri Fakheri@uoz.ac.ir 10031947532846006025 10031947532846006025 Yes Department of Plant Breeding and biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 9861335856 Zabol, Iran Habib Ghaznavi ghaznavih@yahoo.com 10031947532846006026 10031947532846006026 No Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 9816743463 Zahedan, Iran Nafiseh Mahdinezhad nmahdinezhad@uoz.ac.ir 10031947532846006027 10031947532846006027 No Department of Plant Breeding and biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 9861335856 Zabol, Iran Roghayeh Sheervalilou sheervalilour@tbzmed.ac.ir 10031947532846006028 10031947532846006028 No Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 9816743463 Zahedan, Iran Bahman Fazeli-Nasab bfazelinasab@gmail.com 10031947532846006029 10031947532846006029 No Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran