en Pharmacognosy كاربردي Review/Systemtic review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:115%"><b>Objective:</b> From the perspective of traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) arises from an imbalance in bodily temperament and a weakening of cerebral and nervous faculties. This imbalance manifests as impaired concentration, heightened irritability, and impulsive hyperactivity. While conventional treatments provide symptomatic relief, their adverse effects in many patients underscore the need for complementary strategies. Medicinal plants aimed at restoring temperament balance and modulating neurological function have emerged as promising alternatives. This review seeks to identify key botanicals that alleviate ADHD symptoms and to explore their mechanisms of action.</span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><b>Methods:</b> This systematic review draws on classical TIM texts alongside contemporary scientific literature retrieved from Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords related to ADHD and herbal medicine guided a comprehensive search and analysis.</span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><b>Results:</b> Evidence highlights several plants with notable efficacy, including <i>Melissa officinalis</i> L., <i>Valeriana officinalis</i> L., <i>Crocus sativus</i> L., <i>Passiflora incarnata</i> L., <i>Mentha spicata</i> L., <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L., <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> Mill., <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> L., <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L., <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L., <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (L.) Kuntze, <i>Curcuma longa</i> L., <i>Boswellia serrata</i> Roxb., <i>Mentha piperita</i> L., <i>Pinus</i> spp., <i>Plantago major</i> L., <i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L., <i>Avena sativa</i> L., <i>Tulipa</i> spp., and <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L. These botanicals exert beneficial effects by calming the nervous system, enhancing cognitive function, regulating internal temperament (particularly heat and moisture balance), and modulating central nervous system activity. According to TIM principles, these actions restore humoral equilibrium and vital forces, forming a basis for cognitive and behavioral improvement.</span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><b>Conclusion:</b> Current evidence suggests that the judicious use of TIM-based medicinal plants may serve as a complementary approach for managing ADHD. However, defining optimal dosing, verifying efficacy, and ensuring safety require well-designed, large-scale, controlled clinical trials. Integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary neuroscience and pharmacology offers promising avenues for safe, natural, and effective ADHD therapies<br> <span calibri=""><span new="" roman="" times=""><img alt="" src="./files/site1/images/Copy_editing.png" style="width: 586px; height: 265px;" ></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</span></span></div> ,Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,Traditional Iranian Medicine,Medicinal Plants,Temperament Modulation,Complementary Therapy 0 0 http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1529-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hamid Ahmadi hahmadi@ymail.com 10031947532846005972 10031947532846005972 No Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Mojtaba Khaksarian mojkhaksar@yahoo.com 10031947532846005973 10031947532846005973 Yes Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran