fa Pharmacological كاربردي Review/Systemtic review <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri=""><b><span new="" roman="" times="">Introduction:</span></b><span new="" roman="" times=""> Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, characterized by gluten sensitivity and villous atrophy, which leads to nutrient malabsorption and gastrointestinal complications. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiota may significantly influence the severity of celiac symptoms. Consequently, probiotics have received increasing attention as a potential adjunctive therapeutic strategy.</span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri=""><b><span new="" roman="" times="">Methods:</span></b><span new="" roman="" times=""> This review systematically examined studies published between 2010 and 2025, identified through searches in major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search focused on studies investigating the effects of probiotics on gut microbiota modulation, regulation of inflammatory immune responses, and improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with celiac disease.</span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri=""><b><span new="" roman="" times="">Results:</span></b><span new="" roman="" times=""> Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies indicates that probiotic supplementation particularly strains from the genera <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> may confer beneficial effects by modulating gut microbial composition, attenuating inflammatory immune responses, and alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms in celiac patients. However, some studies report inconsistent effects on systemic immune markers and celiac-specific antibodies. Overall, probiotics appear to be safe when administered alongside a gluten-free diet and may positively influence inflammation, microbial balance, and patient quality of life. Nonetheless, current evidence remains insufficient to draw definitive conclusions regarding long-term efficacy, emphasizing the need for larger, well-designed clinical trials.</span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri=""><b><span new="" roman="" times="">Conclusion:</span></b><span new="" roman="" times=""> Current evidence suggests that probiotics may serve as a useful adjunct to a gluten-free diet in managing celiac disease by promoting gut microbial balance and modulating inflammatory immune responses. However, heterogeneity in study outcomes and limitations in human trials highlight the necessity for more extensive, standardized clinical research to determine optimal strains and dosing regimens.</span></span></span><br> <img alt="" src="./files/site1/images/copuediting.png" style="width: 586px; height: 265px;" ></span></span> Probiotics, Celiac Disease, Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Inflammation, Malabsorption 0 0 http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1547-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Asad Hashemi 10031947532846006314 10031947532846006314 No Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, Iran Mohammadreza Mohammad Hosseiniazar mohammadazar@gmail.com 10031947532846006315 10031947532846006315 Yes Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical sciences, Urmia, Iran