eng Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 1 7 article Fatemeh Saadat fatemeh.saadat@yahoo.com 1 Anahita Fathi Azarbayjani anahitaazarbayjani@yahoo.com 2 Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Objective: Intravenous albumin administration is known to improve blood circulation and promote wound healing, while topical albumin can inhibit bacterial growth on wounds. Additionally, topical caffeine has been reported to stimulate vascularization and enhance blood vessel formation in the skin. This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the effect of topical albumin and caffeine individually and in combination—on wound healing rate in rat models. Methods: Albumin- and caffeine-loaded nanofibers were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. Nanofiber morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their chemical composition was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The therapeutic effects of the prepared nanofibers were evaluated in a full-thickness excision wound model in rats. Results: Both albumin alone and the albumin–caffeine combination significantly accelerated wound healing, with a marked reduction in the wound area compared to controls. By the end of week 2, wound contraction reached 96% in the albumin–caffeine nanofiber group, compared with 79% in the untreated control group. Conclusion: Topical application of albumin-loaded nanofiber dressings demonstrated potent wound-healing properties, further enhanced by the addition of caffeine. These findings suggest that albumin–caffeine nanofiber dressings could represent a promising and innovative approach for accelerating wound repair. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf Albumin caffeine nanofiber wound healing per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 8 14 article Surena Nazarbaghi surena.nazarbaghi@gmail.com 1 Zohre Eftekhari z_eftekhari@pasteur.ac.ir 2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Biotechnology Department , Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran , Iran Objective: Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by intense, unilateral headaches often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. This ethnobotanical review aims to identify medicinal plants traditionally used by the inhabitants of northern Iran for the management and relief of migraine symptoms. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was performed using the keywords medicinal plants, traditional medicine, and migraine across major databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Irrelevant studies were excluded, and the remaining articles were systematically reviewed to extract relevant ethnobotanical data. Results: Ethnobotanical data from the northern provinces of Iran (West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Khorasan) revealed the use of several medicinal plants in migraine management. These include Origanum vulgare, Rosa canina, Asperula odorata L., Zingiber officinale, Valeriana officinalis, Echium amoenum, Ocimum basilicum, Melissa officinalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Salvia officinalis, Rheum ribes, Viola suavis, Ferulago angulate, and Juniperus polycarpos. These plants are traditionally administered in various forms, such as decoctions, infusions, and extracts. Conclusion: Medicinal plants rich in analgesic, antispasmodic, and sedative compounds appear to offer therapeutic benefits in migraine management by reducing pain severity and promoting relaxation. While traditional knowledge supports their use, further pharmacological and clinical studies are warranted to confirm their efficacy and safety in evidence-based migraine therapy. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.pdf Brain Pain Migraine Medicinal plants Treatment Iran per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 15 24 article Babak Baharvand Ahmadi 1 Amirhossein Nafari 2 Kolsoum Ahmadi 3 Vahide Heydari Nazarabad 4 Rasool Mohammadi 5 Mohammad Almasian 6 Ali Asghar Kiani kiani.a@lums.ac.ir 7 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Background: Warfarin, a commonly prescribed anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic index, poses challenges in determining the appropriate dosage due to genetic variations among individuals. Incorrect dosing of warfarin can lead to catastrophic adverse events. Observational studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes significantly influence warfarin dose requirements. This study aimed to examine the impact of various genotypes on warfarin dose requirements among Iranian patients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 117 patients and stored in tubes containing EDTA. DNA was extracted, and the different alleles and genotypes of the studied SNPs were identified using the PCR-RFLP technique. Results: Among the 117 patients, no significant differences were observed in the mean daily warfarin dose requirement among the genotypes of the CYP2C93 (1075A>C) polymorphism. However, significant differences were found among the genotypes of CYP2C92 (430C>T). Furthermore, the mean daily warfarin dose requirements varied significantly among the wild-type, heterozygous, and mutant genotypes for two VKORC1 polymorphisms: VKORC1 (1173C>T) and VKORC1 (1639G>A). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms significantly affect warfarin maintenance dose requirements in Iranian patients. This information can improve the prediction of appropriate warfarin dosages and reduce the risk of over-anticoagulation or under-anticoagulation. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-248-en.pdf CYP2C9 genetic variations VKORC1 warfarin per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 25 30 article Azam Mivefroshan dr.azam2011@gmail.com 1 Mohadeseh Pirhadi m.pirhadi@ymail.com 2 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran Objective: Hypertension, characterized by elevated arterial blood pressure, constitutes a significant risk factor for a range of severe health complications, including cardiovascular disease, renal impairment, atherosclerosis, ocular damage, and stroke. This study aims to identify medicinal plants traditionally employed in the western region of Iran for the management of hypertension. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify ethnobotanical knowledge pertaining to the use of medicinal plants for hypertension management in western Iran. The search encompassed the following databases: Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus. Relevant articles were retrieved using the keywords "medicinal plants," "Iran," "blood pressure," "Urmia," "Tabriz," "Kurdistan," "Kermanshah," "Ilam," "Khuzestan," and "ethnobotany." Results: Medicinal plants including Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Achillea millefolium L., Fumaria officinalis L., Apium graveolens, Urtica dioica L., Crataegus pontica C. Koch., Rheum ribes L., Allium schoenoprasum, Achillea biebersteinii, Achillea millefolium, Prunus cerasifera, Gentian olivieri, Olea europaea L., Rumex pulcher L. and Crataegus monogyna L. are antihypertensive medicinal plants in western Iran. Conclusion: Emerging evidence suggests that certain medicinal herbs and spices possess antihypertensive properties, demonstrating their potential as adjunctive or alternative therapeutic agents for blood pressure management. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf Disease Blood pressure Medicinal plants Remedy Iran per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 31 45 article Elahe Zarif Fakoor 1 Samad Rezvanimanesh 2 Shiva Ahmadishoar 3 Mahtab Mehboodi 4 Hamid Reza Mardani 5 Samad Rastmanesh 6 Mohammad Amin Niknejad 7 Rosita Yousefian Mobarekeh 8 Shiva Eskandari 9 Maede Shirazi 10 Behnam Poureslamfar 11 General Biology. Mashhad, Iran, Payam-e Noor University of Mashhad, Iran Cellular and Molecular Research, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran Department of Microbiology, Malekan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology & Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Department of Microbiology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran This review meticulously examines the antimicrobial effects of medicinal plants on Staphylococcus aureus and underscores their potential in overcoming the challenge of drug resistance. With a plethora of plant species known for their antimicrobial properties, exploring alternative solutions to combat bacterial infections is imperative. The review emphasizes the importance of investigating plant-derived compounds that can effectively inhibit bacterial growth through unique mechanisms and discusses the synergistic effects of combining multiple compounds from plant extracts. Researchers are actively working on isolating novel bioactive chemicals from plants to serve as effective alternatives to traditional antibiotics. The study highlights the critical role of herbal medicines in addressing resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and stresses the necessity for further research to develop innovative treatment approaches.   http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-244-en.pdf Medicinal plants Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial effects drug resistance bioactive compounds alternative treatments multi-resistant strains per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 46 50 article Ali Eishi Oskuie ali.eishi@yahoo.com 1 Fatemeh Abdi f.abdi@mail.utoronto.ca 2 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran PhD in Biochemistry, Post-doctorate in Food and Diabetes, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada Objective: Anemia, characterized by an insufficient number of healthy red blood cells, can be caused by blood loss, hemolysis, or impaired erythropoiesis. Types of anemia include iron-deficiency anemia and vitamin-deficiency anemia. Given their high iron and nutrient content, certain medicinal plants offer potential therapeutic benefits for anemia. This review aims to identify medicinal plants from Northwest Iran traditionally used for treating this condition. Methodology: To identify relevant literature, a comprehensive database search was conducted using keywords such as 'medicinal plants,' 'Iran,' 'anemia,' 'hematopoietic,' 'Urmia,' 'Tabriz,' 'Ardabil,' 'West Azerbaijan,' 'East Azerbaijan,' and 'ethnobotany. Databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were used to search for relevant articles, particularly ethnobotanical studies related to the subject. Results: The review identified that medicinal plants such as Nasturtium sp., Salvia officinalis, Centaurea depressa, Centaurea virgate, Achillea biebersteinii, Cichorium intybus, Urtica dioica, Prunus cerasifera, Cichorium intybus, Saponaria officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare, Achillea millefolium, Berberis vulgaris, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Crataegus aronia, Adiantum capillus-Veneris, Anthemis cotula, Gandelia tourenfortii, Rheus ribes, Lactuca virosa, Hyssopus officinale, and Salix alba are used in traditional and ethnobotanical practices to treat anemia. Conclusion: Further research is recommended to conduct phytochemical analysis of these medicinal plants, identifying the active compounds that influence anemia and hematopoiesis. Additionally, clinical trials involving animal and human models could explore the potential of these plants as a basis for developing effective and affordable herbal combination drugs for the treatment of anemia. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.pdf Blood Anemia Hematopoietic Medicinal plants Treatment eng Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 51 67 article Akanksh Patel akptl135@gmail.com 1 Manmath Purohit mpurohit0104@gmail.com 2 CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY This review summarizes the diverse medicinal properties of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Tulsi), a revered herb in Indian medicine. Traditionally praised for its pungency, warmth, and diverse medicinal uses, Tulsi's roots, leaves, and seeds each offer unique benefits. Ayurvedic texts categorize Tulsi as a stimulant, aromatic, and antipyretic, capable of balancing certain bodily energies while potentially aggravating others. Its primary benefits include relieving coughs, promoting sweating, and easing indigestion and appetite loss. More importantly, Tulsi demonstrates a remarkable range of biological activities. It exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties, making it effective against various pathogens and even malaria. Additionally, its analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and anti-allergic properties offer relief from pain, fever, inflammation, and allergies. Tulsi also offers cardiovascular benefits, lowers blood pressure, and protects the heart. Beyond the physical, it shows promise in improving memory, regulating cholesterol, protecting the liver, and controlling diabetes and asthma. Notably, it exhibits antioxidant and anticancer properties, suggesting potential cancer prevention and radioprotection. Furthermore, Tulsi boasts immunomodulatory, antifertility, anti-ulcer, and anti-arthritic activities, highlighting its versatility. Its adaptogenic/antistress capabilities and potential to prevent cataracts and even skin conditions like leucoderma further showcase its therapeutic breadth. Given its vast and seemingly valuable medicinal properties, this review aims to equip researchers and clinicians with the knowledge necessary to properly utilize Tulsi in their endeavors. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf Medicinal properties Ocimum sanctum (OS Tulsi) Pharmacological activities per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 68 79 article Kimiya Karimi 1 Elahe Zarif Fakoor 2 Toktam Ziaee 3 Mahtab Mehboodi 4 Pouria Khodaei Ataloo 5 Masoud Sanati 6 Zeynab Mohammadi 7 Mohammadreza Dorzadeh 8 Kimia Rouzbeh university.ac55@gmail.com 9 Reyhaneh Heshmati 10 Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad university, Lahijan, Iran General biology, Mashhad, Iran Payam-e noor university of Mashhad, Iran Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology & Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Department of Microbiology and Virology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran Department of Microbiology and Virology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of convergent Science and Technology Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university,Tehran, Iran Streptococcus pyogenes is a pathogen of significant public health concern. It is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis and is responsible for serious conditions such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo, and scarlet fever. Additionally, S. pyogenes is involved in post-streptococcal sequelae, including acute glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and reactive arthritis. The increasing antibiotic resistance of S. pyogenes has led to a growing interest in exploring alternative treatments, such as medicinal plants, which may provide effective and safer options for preventing and treating diseases caused by this bacterium. Today, there is an increasing interest in medicinal plants due to less side effects, ease of use, availability, and usually affordability.  In conclusion, given the growing antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes, this study investigates the inhibitory effects of medicinal plants against this pathogen. The aim is to assess the potential of these plants in preventing and treating diseases caused by S. pyogenes, as well as to elucidate their mechanisms of action on this bacterium.   http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.pdf Streptococcus pyogenes Antimicrobial effects Medicinal plants Drug resistance per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 80 83 article Babak Baharvand Ahmadi bbaharvandahmadi@ymail.com 1 Reyhaneh Narenjkar Esfahani reyhanehnarenjkar@gmail.com 2 Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Madani Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Objective: Type 2 diabetes is linked to a heightened risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) due to metabolic and oxidative disturbances. Glutathione, a vital antioxidant, and malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, are critical in assessing oxidative damage and cellular stress. This study aims to examine the serum levels of these markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and CHD to gain insight into the relationship between oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Khorramabad Heart Hospital in Western Iran, involving 100 patients with type 2 diabetes with CHD (T2DM-CHD) over a two-month period. Blood samples were also collected from fasting volunteers in a control group for comparative purposes. After centrifugation and serum separation, biochemical assays were performed to measure serum levels of MDA and glutathione. Results: The serum level of MDA in the T2DM-CHD group was 19.3 ± 16.8 µmol/mg protein, significantly higher than the control group’s level of 6.9 ± 3.3 µmol/mg protein. Conversely, serum glutathione levels in the diabetic group were 15.3 ± 6.5 µmol/mg protein, markedly lower compared to the control group’s 34.8 ± 10 µmol/mg protein. Conclusion: The findings suggest that patients with T2DM-CHD exhibit elevated levels of MDA and reduced levels of glutathione, indicating significant oxidative stress. This imbalance may contribute to the progression of diabetes-related complications and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, incorporating antioxidants as medications or supplements may be an effective strategy to mitigate oxidative stress and enhance clinical outcomes in these patients. Further research is required to identify the optimal types and dosages of antioxidants. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.pdf Cardiovascular disease Type 2 diabetes Coronary artery disease Diabetes Iran per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 84 88 article Mohammad Jafari Heydarlou dr.jafarimo@yahoo.com 1 Ahed J Alkhatib ajalkhatib@just.edu.jo 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, School of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Forensic Science and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan Objective: Although professional dental whitening techniques such as composite bonding, veneers, and bleaching are widely practiced, traditional and herbal remedies offer effective, accessible, and potentially safer alternatives. These natural methods may contribute to the reduction of yellow and brown stains while minimizing adverse effects often associated with chemical procedures. Methods: This review was conducted through systematic keyword searches including “medicinal plants,” “traditional medicine,” “tooth discoloration,” and “tooth whitening” in databases such as Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies and ethnobotanical sources were reviewed to compile and synthesize the available evidence. Results: Traditional Iranian medicine documents a variety of herbal remedies with tooth-whitening properties. These include lemon juice, turmeric, coconut oil, strawberries, orange peel, apple cider vinegar, banana peel, Persian pomegranate, licorice root, mint, wild thyme, and myrtle. Conclusion: The tooth-whitening effects of these natural agents are attributed to multiple mechanisms, including mild abrasiveness, pigment degradation, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions, and direct bleaching effects. When applied consistently and appropriately, these remedies may contribute not only to the maintenance of dental aesthetics but also to improved oral health. Further clinical investigations are warranted to validate their efficacy and optimize safe usage protocols. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.pdf Tooth Tooth yellowness Whitening Beauty Traditional medicine per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 89 94 article Ali Zolfigol dr.alizolfi@gmail.com 1 Mohadeseh Pirhadi m.pirhadi371@gmail.com 2 Assistant Professor of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Motahari Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Environmental Health ‌Engineering, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran Objective: Neonatal colic is among the most common gastrointestinal disorders in newborns, often causing persistent crying, restlessness, and significant distress for both infants and parents. This condition typically occurs between 1 and 4 months of age and may be managed through home remedies, medical interventions, maternal dietary modifications, or pharmacological treatments. In Iranian traditional medicine, medicinal plants play a key role in alleviating colic. This study aims to identify and report the main medicinal plants used for the treatment of colic in infants. Methodology: This review was conducted through a comprehensive search using keywords including “colic,” “children,” “traditional medicine,” “medicinal plants,” and “treatment” in databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Scopus. Irrelevant studies were excluded, and eligible articles were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Results: Findings revealed that medicinal plants such as Anethum graveolens, Acorus calamus, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha spicata, Zingiber officinale, and Carum carvi are among the most frequently recommended and practically applied herbal remedies for infantile colic in traditional medicine sources. Conclusion: Anti-colic medicinal plants appear to alleviate symptoms of infantile colic through analgesic, antispasmodic, and sedative mechanisms. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as a complementary approach for colic management. However, clinical validation and careful monitoring by healthcare professionals are necessary to ensure efficacy and safety in infants. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.pdf Digestive system Children Colic Pain Medicinal plants Traditional medicine per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 95 102 article Sajad Mami s.mami@ilam.ac.ir 1 Kosar Veisi Kosar.veisi3344@gmail.com 2 Hajar Azizian azizianhajar@gmail.com 3 Sanaz Mami Sani_vet@yahoo.com 4 Parisa Noorikia Parisanoorikia@gmail.com 5 Ghazal Mohamadi Mohamadighazal@gmail.com 6 Zohreh Rahmani rahmnizohreh8@gmail.com 7 Department of Laboratory and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, ilam university, Ilam, Iran Department of Microbiology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran Phd of Comparative Histology, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Assistant Professor of Medical Immunology, Ilam University of Medical Science ,Ilam ,Iran Department of Microbiology , Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Iran Department of Microbiology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Iran Department of Microbiology , Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Iran Objective: Peptic ulcers are caused by erosion of the gastric mucosa, often triggered by excessive gastric acid secretion, aspirin use, or Helicobacter pylori infection. These ulcers can lead to pain, inflammation, and bleeding. Although conventional therapies, including antibiotics and surgery, are effective, they are frequently associated with side effects and significant economic burden. Medicinal plants, valued for their anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective properties, are widely used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), peppermint (Mentha piperita), and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) on peptic ulcer healing, compared with the effects of individual extracts. Method: Licorice, peppermint, and chamomile plants were collected from the Zagros Mountains (Ilam Province, Iran), authenticated, and extracted using the Soxhlet method. Forty-nine male rats were divided into seven groups, with gastric ulcers induced by aspirin administration and Helicobacter exposure. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and euthanized according to ethical guidelines. Stomachs were excised for macroscopic and histopathological analysis of ulcer healing, inflammation, and epithelial regeneration. Results: Chamomile and peppermint-treated groups showed slow and incomplete ulcer healing after 21 days, with persistent inflammation and bleeding in deeper tissues. Licorice-treated rats exhibited more pronounced recovery, with significant epithelial regeneration, although some ulcer depth remained unhealed. The polyherbal-treated group demonstrated marked improvement of gastric wall tissue, with advanced epitheliogenesis and near-complete healing comparable to the standard Recolic-treated group. Minimal inflammatory cells and vascular congestion persisted in some areas. Conclusion: The combination of licorice, peppermint, and chamomile extracts promoted superior gastric ulcer healing compared to individual plant treatments, supporting the therapeutic potential of polyherbal formulations. Further experimental and clinical studies are warranted to optimize dosage, validate efficacy, and explore their potential integration into peptic ulcer management strategies. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf Digestive system Stomach Gastric ulcer Medicinal plants Treatment per Plant Biotechnology Persa 2676-7414 2676-7414 2024-07 6 2 103 107 article Aisan Ghaznavi aisanghaznavi@yahoo.com 1 Roman Lysiuk pharmacognosy.org.ua@ukr.net 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska,69., Lviv, Ukraine Objective: Toothache, commonly resulting from dental caries, fractures, or thermal sensitivity, is among the most distressing forms of pain. Traditional medicine and ethnobotanical knowledge have long utilized medicinal plants for toothache relief. This study aims to identify and document the medicinal plants traditionally used across Iran to alleviate toothache. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using keywords including medicinal plants, Iran, tooth, toothache, and ethnobotany. Databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were systematically searched. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were screened and analyzed to compile a list of plants traditionally employed for toothache management. Results: Several medicinal plants were identified as prominent remedies for toothache in Iranian ethnobotany, including Origanum vulgare, Papaver somniferum, Mentha aquatica L., Mentha spicata L., Ferula persica Willd., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Perovskia abrotanoides Kar., Dianthus caryophyllus, Viola odorata, Astragalus verus, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, and Thymus danensis. These plants are traditionally administered in various forms such as decoctions, powders, and topical applications to relieve pain and inflammation. Conclusion: Iran’s rich botanical diversity and extensive ethnomedicinal heritage provide valuable resources for the treatment of toothache. The findings underscore the potential of these plants as sources for developing novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are recommended to validate their efficacy and safety for modern dental applications. http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-234-en.pdf Tooth Toothache Traditional medicine Ethnobotany Medicinal plants Treatment Iran