@article{ 
author = {Acevedo, Roberto},  
title = {Pharmaceutical Applications of Eucalyptol in the Pharmaceutical Industry}, 
abstract ={Eucalyptol is a naturally occurring organic compound that has gained significant use in the pharmaceutical industry. Primarily extracted from the leaves of the eucalyptus plant, eucalyptol exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. Research has demonstrated its effectiveness in combating a variety of bacteria and viruses, including those responsible for colds and flu. Eucalyptol is recognized for alleviating symptoms of respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis by easing breathing and reducing inflammation in the airways, thereby improving patient outcomes. Due to its antioxidant properties, eucalyptol is also used in anti-aging and skin-protecting pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, it is included in analgesic and pain-relief products, helping to alleviate various types of pain, including headaches and muscle pain, by inhibiting the transmission of pain signals in the nervous system. Overall, eucalyptol has emerged as a versatile compound in the pharmaceutical industry, with ongoing research aimed at uncovering new applications for this valuable substance.  },  
Keywords = {Eucalyptus, Eucalyptol, Disease Treatment, Traditional Medicine},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-3}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.5},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Ebrahim and Abdi, Fatemeh},  
title = {Medicinal Plants Effective on Diabetes in Northwest of Iran}, 
abstract ={Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder and represents a significant global health challenge. The prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing, making it a prevalent health condition worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is notably high in Iran. Traditional Iranian medicine incorporates a diverse array of plants and minerals for the management of diabetes. This review aims to identify and evaluate the medicinal plants native to Northwest Iran that have been traditionally employed for the treatment of diabetes. Methodology: This systematic review utilized a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant literature on the use of medicinal plants for diabetes management in Northwest Iran. Authoritative scientific databases, including Google Scholar, SID, MagIran, PubMed, and Scopus, were systematically searched using the following keywords: 'medicinal plants,' 'Iran,' 'diabetes,' 'Urmia,' 'Tabriz,' 'Ardabil,' 'West Azerbaijan,' 'East Azerbaijan,' and 'ethnobotany.' The search results were filtered to include only ethnobotanical studies relevant to the research question. Results: The review has highlighted the use of numerous medicinal plants, including Apium graveolens, Alyssum desertorum, Arctium lappa, Avena sativa, Berberis integerima, Cerasus microcarpa, Crataegus aronia, Allium schoenoprasum, Urtica dioica, Phlomis aucheri, Salvia aethiopis, Melilotus officinalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Euphorbia helioscopia, Salvia officinalis, Salix aegyptiaca, and many others, in the provinces of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, and Ardabil for the treatment of diabetes. These plant species have been traditionally used in the folk medicine of the region for their presumed antidiabetic properties. Conclusion: The region of Northwest Iran possesses a rich tradition of ethnobotanical knowledge. The medicinal plants identified in this review warrant further investigation through rigorous clinical and pharmacological studies. If these plants demonstrate anti-diabetic effects, they could potentially serve as a valuable source for the development of novel anti-diabetic drugs.  },  
Keywords = {Chronic disease, Diabetes, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine, Northwest region, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {4-9}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.3},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kaveh, Mania and TayyebGhasemi, Shil},  
title = {Association between Serum Vitamin D Level and Uterine Leiomyomas: A Case-Control Study}, 
abstract ={Objective: Uterine fibroids (UFs) is a benign disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Vitamin D is thought to play an important role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. This study aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D in uterine fibroid-related problems. Methods: This case control study was done on 72 women with fibroid lesion (case group) who referred to Amir-al Momenin hospital, Zabol, Iran between April 2022 and December 2022. Moreover, 38 women with normal uterine morphology on ultrasonography were considered control group within the age range of 20 to 45 years. Blood samples were taken for measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Demographic and other related clinical information were collected from the patients. Result:   The ratio of BMI in the case group (73.52%) was higher than the control group (63.15%). This difference was statistically significant (P=0.002). Vitamin D deficiency was common in the case group (54.90%) as compared to controls (6.7%) while sufficiency was common among controls (67.8% vs. 27.45%); the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Women in the control group were exposed to sunlight more often than case group which was statistically significant (P=0.002). Women with uterine fibroids, 94.11% had low exposure to sunlight compared to women in the control group (73.68%), which was statistically significant (P=0.002). Ten patients (13.88%) of case group mentioned a family history of uterine fibroids, while none of the women in the control group had this item. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.014). Conclusion: The present study showed that patients with UFs had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is a potential risk factor for UFs.},  
Keywords = {,Serum vitamin D levels,leiomyomas,Uterine fibroids},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {10-18}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.11},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Dawoud, Azza and Hussien, Sali Dawoud and Abdalbagi, Mohammed and Shayoub, Mohamed El Hass},  
title = {Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of New Herbal Antipsoriatic Emulgel}, 
abstract ={Objective: It is acknowledged that psoriasis is the most prevalent autoimmune condition brought on by the improper activation of the immune system. the lack of possible cure and associated severe side effects in allopathic medicines have led to extensive research in natural products with antipsoriatic activity. Bearing in mind this, and based on previous studies conducted at the Medicinal and Aromatic Plant and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTMRI), in which the activity of the Aloe sinkatan plant was proven as an effective treatment for psoriasis, it was selected to formulate, optimize and evaluate a new emulgel from Aloe sinkatana plant extract used as an anti-psoriatic agent. Method: The study included a multi-phase process that included the collecting and extraction of plants. Based on pre-formulation studies like solubility and compatibility studies, liquid paraffin, propylene glycol, Tween-20 and Span-20, alcohol, and DEMSO were selected for the forumaltion. The emulgels were designed, formulate and optimized using a 2³ factorial design. Spreadability and viscosity were considered dependent variables, while the quantities of emulsifying agent, gelling agent and, liquid paraffin were chosen as independent formulation variables. Physical appearance and physiochemical parameters like stability, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and percentage medication content were evaluated for the produced formulations. Results: Regression analysis showed that all three independent variables significantly affected the response variables. The formulation was optimized using a response surface plot using Design Expert software 8.0.7.1. The R² values for the response's viscosity and spreadability were 0.9915 and 0.9761, respectively. Conclusion: Aloe sinkatana extract was used as an active component in the formulation of the emulgel form. Formula F3 shows good physicochemical characteristics and a higher percent of drug content than other formulations; therefore, it was selected as an optimal formula.},  
Keywords = {,Keywords: Aloe sinkatana,anti-psoriatic properties,optimized formula,emulgel formulation,factorial analysis},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {19-33}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.14},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salehi, Davood and NarenjkarEsfahani, Reyhaneh},  
title = {Treatment of Angina with Indigenous Iranian Medicinal Plants: Perspectives from Traditional Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objective: Angina pectoris is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart, often caused by narrowed coronary arteries. This review examines medicinal plants traditionally used in Iran to alleviate angina symptoms, exploring both historical and modern applications. The goal is to enhance understanding of potential natural remedies for this condition. Methods: This systematic review aimed to identify literature on the use of medicinal plants for angina pectoris. Searches were conducted across major scientific databases like Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, using keywords related to chest pain and herbal treatments. Articles included in the review were required to be in Farsi or English, focus on the effects of medicinal plants on angina, and be original research, reviews, or clinical trials, while excluding those with insufficient data or irrelevant content. Results: Traditional Iranian medicine incorporates a rich array of herbal remedies for various ailments, including angina pectoris. Among the most commonly employed medicinal plants in Iran are garlic (Allium sativum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), ajwain (Carum copticum), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), pomegranate (Punica granatum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), green pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), orange (Citrus sinensis), banana (Musa spp.), guava (Psidium guajava), apple (Malus domestica), turmeric (Curcuma longa), borage (Borago officinalis), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), aloe vera (Aloe vera), almond (Prunus dulcis), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). These plants have been historically utilized as potential remedies for chest pain in Iranian traditional medicine. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that traditional Iranian medicine offers a diverse array of medicinal plants with potential therapeutic benefits for angina pectoris. The identified plants exhibit a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, sedative, and antispasmodic effects. Additionally, these plants may contribute to improved blood circulation, potentially alleviating the symptoms of chest pain associated with angina.  },  
Keywords = {Pain, Thorax, Chest pain, Angina, Herbal medicine, Traditional medicine},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {34-39}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.7},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-249-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abangah, Ghobad and Pirhadi, Mohadeseh and Shojaei, Behnaz and Nazer, MohamadReza and Ghaysouri, Abas},  
title = {Determining the Amount of Lead Heavy Metal in Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) and Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) Medicinal Plants}, 
abstract ={Objective: Medicinal plants and herbal medicines are usually safer than chemical medicines, but their arbitrary use may be associated with side effects. Some people think that medicinal plants and medicines that have a plant base cannot cause health problems and are not harmful, while medicinal plants and herbal medicines, like any chemical medicine, have their own side effects. The food chain, including edible and medicinal plants, can be one of the important sources of heavy metals transfer to the human body and endanger human health. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of lead heavy metal in licorice and fennel medicinal plants using furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Methods: In this study, 10 dry samples of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were collected from Chamestan, Mazandaran. The samples were analyzed using GC-MS in SIM mode with a carrier gas speed of 1 mL/min and an injection temperature of 250°C. For element analysis, the samples were digested using methods from Agrawal et al. (2011) and Manutsewee et al. (2007), and the metal concentrations were measured with ICP-OES and ICP-MS, expressed in mg/Kg. Results: The results of this study showed that the average heavy metal concentration of lead in licorice and fennel was 21.63 ppb and 23.45 ppb, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study are higher than the limit set by WHO. Based on the results, consumption of licorice and fennel medicinal plants has dangerous health consequences for consumers, especially children and pregnant women. Heavy metals enter the body by consuming food such as medicinal plants, contaminated water and other sources and can lead to toxic effects in different organs. Considering the potential risk of heavy metal contamination for public health and their carcinogenic effects, obtaining information regarding the concentration of heavy metals in medicinal plants can be helpful.  },  
Keywords = {Heavy metal, Toxic, Carcinogenic, Medicinal plant, Licorice, Fennel},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {40-44}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.1},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abbasi, Shabnam and Shohani, Zeinab and Pourhashemi, Kowsar},  
title = {A Review of Medicinal Plants for Blood Purification: Efficacy and Therapeutic Properties}, 
abstract ={Blood plays a vital role in the body, carrying oxygen, nutrients, and hormones. Therefore, blood purification is of great importance and guarantees the proper functioning of the body. Medicinal plants have been used by people for the treatment of various diseases in the past. Due to the high side effects of the use of different chemical drugs, in recent years, medicinal plants have been relatively popular. Therefore, in this review, using the keywords of medicinal plants, purification, and blood purification, numerous articles published in this field were searched through Scopus, Google Scholar, Irandoc.ac.ir, and Sid. ir databases. Finally, 87 articles were selected and reviewed. A list of plants effective in blood purification along with their effective ingredients and other therapeutic properties was obtained. According to the results, 45.2% of plants effective in blood purification were native to Iran. Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae were the most important families, respectively. Plants effective in blood purification can help improve health and purify the blood. Still, the consumption of each plant should be according to the condition of each person's body and consult with a specialist.  },  
Keywords = {Barberry,Blood purification,Citrus maxima,Fennel},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {45-70}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.6},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Behzadi, Farhad and NarenjkarEsfahani, Reyhaneh},  
title = {Herbal Remedies for Bloating in Traditional Iranian Medicine: Natural Antioxidants for Managing Abdominal Bloating}, 
abstract ={Objective:   Bloating, a biological process characterized by gas accumulation within the gastrointestinal tract, often results in abdominal pain and discomfort. Both children and adults frequently experience bloating and associated abdominal pain, causing significant distress. This review aims to identify and report on natural antioxidants that may be effective in alleviating bloating. Methods:  For this review, literature searches were conducted using keywords such as "herbal remedies," "bloating," and "traditional medicine." Databases such as Google Scholar, SID, MagIran, PubMed, and Scopus were utilized for the search. Ethnobotanical articles relevant to the topic were reviewed. Results: Herbal remedies including ginger, peppermint, turmeric, cumin, caraway, wormwood, dandelion, burdock, hibiscus, lemon balm, chamomile, and fennel have been shown to effectively reduce abdominal bloating and improve digestive health. Conclusion:  The present study demonstrates that Iranian herbal remedies with potent antioxidant properties offer effective solutions for reducing abdominal bloating and enhancing digestive health. These herbs, through their bioactive compounds, not only alleviate gas accumulation within the stomach and intestines but also exert anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, which contribute to the alleviation of bloating-related abdominal pain. These findings emphasize the significance of utilizing natural and traditional treatments for managing digestive disorders and improving quality of life. A combination of these herbs, considering their unique properties, appears to be a comprehensive and effective therapeutic strategy for reducing bloating and promoting gastrointestinal health.  },  
Keywords = {Digestive health, Bloating, Herbal remedies, Traditional medicine, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {71-75}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.9},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-254-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nazarbaghi, Surena and Parsaei, Pouy},  
title = {Traditional remedy of Parkinson\'s: Medicinal Plants Effective on Parkinson\'s in Traditional Iranian Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain responsible for motor control. Following Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Despite the availability of various pharmacological treatments, these medications often exhibit side effects and may have varying efficacy and duration of action. To address the limitations of conventional therapies, this review aims to identify the most promising medicinal plants traditionally employed in the management of Parkinson's disease. Methods: This review employed a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant literature on the use of medicinal plants for Parkinson's disease. Authoritative scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched using the following keywords: 'medicinal plants,' 'traditional medicine,' 'Parkinson's,' and 'neurology.' Irrelevant articles were excluded from the review process. Results: Traditional Iranian medicine incorporates a diverse array of medicinal plants for the management of Parkinson's disease. Notable examples include Nigella sativa (black cumin), Boswellia serrata (frankincense), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Heracleum persicum (Persian hogweed), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), Olea europaea (olive), Camellia sinensis (tea), Prunus domestica (plum), Ficus carica (fig), Echium amoenum (Iranian borage), Prunus dulcis (almond), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), and various Scutellaria species. Conclusion: While medicinal plants may offer potential benefits as adjunctive therapies for Parkinson's disease, further research is warranted to establish their efficacy and safety. Current studies on these plants are limited in scope, and additional evidence is required to draw definitive conclusions regarding their role in the management of Parkinson's.  },  
Keywords = {Brain and nerves, Parkinson's disease, Medicinal plants, Traditional treatment, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {76-82}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.4},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {soudi, Reza and Hatamkhani, Shim},  
title = {Medicinal Plants for Enhancing Vision in Traditional Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objective: Plants serve as a rich repository of bioactive compounds with the potential to promote ocular health, prevent eye diseases, and enhance visual function. Traditional medicine has long utilized plant-based remedies to improve vision. This review aims to identify and elucidate the mechanisms of action of natural antioxidants derived from plants that exhibit beneficial effects on visual health. Methods: In this review study, relevant articles were searched using keywords such as medicinal plants, vision, vision improvement, and traditional medicine. Databases like Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were used for the search. Results: Medicinal plants including fennel, lemon, saffron, cranberry, green tea, turmeric, grapes, celery, and dandelion were found to enhance vision. Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of medicinal plants to enhance visual function and prevent ocular diseases. The antioxidant properties of these plants can safeguard ocular tissues from oxidative damage, thereby mitigating the risk of conditions such as dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, and other ocular disorders. To fully harness the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, further research is imperative to elucidate their precise mechanisms of action and optimize their application in both traditional and modern medicine.},  
Keywords = {Eyes, Vision, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {83-89}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.10},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ramazani, Seyyed Hamid Reza and Khaleghdadi, Faezeh and Ghaderi, Mohammad Ghader},  
title = {Callus Formation in Kochia (Kochia Scopora L.) under Different Hormone Concentrations and Explant Types}, 
abstract ={Objective: Kochia is recently used as a forage and medicinal plant resistant to environmental stresses such as salinity and drought. One of the techniques used in biotechnology and plant breeding is tissue culture. Methods: Based on this, callus formation and regeneration of Kochia under the influence of hormonal factors and explants types was conducted in a factorial experiment on a completely randomized design with hormonal treatments (9 levels) and explants (3 levels) in 5 replications. After 70 days, the explants were examined for different traits and determined the most suitable explant for callus production. Results: According to the results regarding changes in the percentage of leaf callus formation, the greatest increase was in MS + 0.5 mg/l Kin + 1 mg/l NAA treatment. For callus formation and percentage of direct rooting, there is a significant difference between leaf explants, cotyledon and hypocotyl. But for the percentage of direct regeneration and the percentage of shoot formation, a significant difference has been observed between the leaf explant with cotyledon and the hypocotyl. The results showed that the highest degree of callus formation occurred in the treatment of MS + 0.5 mg/l Kin + 1 mg/l NAA in the leaf and the axis of the cotyledon, and then in the treatments MS + 1 mg/l NAA and MS + 0.05 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l NAA is in the organs of cotyledon and the hypocotyl. Conclusion: Finally, 2,4-D could lead to more callus formation of the Kochia and it was observed that no callus formation was done in treatments without hormones. Although, to optimize callus formation and regeneration in this plant, it is suggested to also test the effects of environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and photoperiod, and different levels of growth hormones such as IBA and GA3.  },  
Keywords = {Auxin,Callus induction,Cytokinine,In vitro,Salinity},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {90-95}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.13},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zolfigol, Ali and Pirhadi, Mohadeseh},  
title = {Phytotherapy in Children\'s Colds}, 
abstract ={Objective: Children are frequently afflicted with common colds due to the wide range of circulating cold viruses and their developing immune systems. Given their susceptibility to such illnesses, there is a growing interest in exploring natural alternatives to conventional drug therapy. Traditional medicine offers a rich tradition of utilizing herbal remedies for the treatment of colds. This review aims to identify and evaluate the efficacy of herbal medicines for treating colds in children. Methods: This systematic review employed a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant literature on the use of herbal medicines for treating common colds in children. Authoritative scientific databases, including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Scopus, were systematically searched using the following keywords: 'common cold,' 'children,' 'traditional medicine,' 'herbal medicine,' and 'treatment.' Irrelevant articles were excluded from the review process. Results: The review identified a range of herbal medicines traditionally employed for the treatment of common colds in children. These include Tilia cordata (linden), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Sambucus nigra (elderberry), Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), Hyssopus officinalis (hyssop), Inula helenium (elecampane), Plantago lanceolata (plantain), Althea officinalis (marshmallow), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), Citrus limonum (lemon), and Allium sativum (garlic), among others. Conclusion: Several medicinal plants possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties that may be beneficial for children. The plants identified in this review, owing to their antimicrobial and antiviral activities, hold potential for alleviating the symptoms of common colds in pediatric populations.  },  
Keywords = {Infection, Virus, cold, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {96-100}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.2},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karimi, Armin and Akbari, Reza and kouhkan, mehri},  
title = {Assessment of Antibacterial Effects of Ethyle Octahydrospiro[indene-2,3\'-pyrrolizidine]- 2\' Carboxylate Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria}, 
abstract ={Objective: The emergence of resistance in bacteria, and the existence of various types of infection and contamination in the hospital and community is the basis for research to find new antibacterial compounds.  Materials: Ethyl Octahydrospiro[indene-2,3'-pyrrolizidine]-1,3-diones-pyrrolizidine]-2'carboxylate (5) was synthesized during one-pot reaction of ninhydrin, proline and ethyl acrylate in ethanol solvent. The antibacterial effect of the synthesized derivative on the mentioned bacteria was investigated by agar plate culture and broth micro dilution methods and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the synthesized derivative. Results: The analysis of the results showed that the MIC and MBC values of the newly synthesized compound against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria were 1.56 and 3.12 μg/mlL, respectively. In addition, the MIC and MBC values of the synthetic compound against Escherichia coli (E. coli) were 0.39 μg/mlL and 0.78 μg/mlL, respectively. Conclusion: The antimicrobial test results revealed that the synthesized compound at an equivalent concentration exhibited a higher inhibitory impact on the Gram-negative E. coli bacteria than Gram-positive S. aureus. The compound causes the rapid bactericidal effect on Gram-negative bacteria by destroying or disrupting the function of the outer membrane. This combination could be effective in treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.  },  
Keywords = {chiral azomethylene ylide,3 dipolar cyclization,Escherichia coli,indane},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {101-108}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.15},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sadri, Mohammad and Parsaei, Pouy},  
title = {A Review of the Most Important Medicinal Plants to Deal with Urinary Tract Infections}, 
abstract ={Objective: Infectious diseases represent a prevalent condition within the urinary tract, particularly affecting women. These diseases arise when harmful microorganisms invade the urinary tract and bladder. The etiology of infectious diseases is often attributed to bacteria. This review aims to identify medicinal plants traditionally employed in Iranian medicine for the management of urinary tract infections. Methodology: This systematic review employed a comprehensive search strategy to identify relevant literature on the use of medicinal plants for urinary tract infections in Iranian traditional medicine. Authoritative scientific databases, including Google Scholar, SID, MagIran, PubMed, and Scopus, were systematically searched using the following keywords: 'medicinal plants,' 'urinary tract infection,' 'Iran.' The search results were filtered to include only ethnobotanical studies relevant to the research question. Results: A diverse array of medicinal plants have been traditionally employed for the treatment of urinary tract infections in Iranian medicine. Notable examples include Crocus sativus (saffron), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry), Mentha spicata (mint), Corylus avellana (hazelnut), Borago officinalis (borage), Carduus nutans (thistle), Citrus limon (lemon), Origanum vulgare (oregano), Althea officinalis (marshmallow), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Achillea millefolium (yarrow), Matricaria recutita (chamomile), and Urtica dioica (nettle). Conclusion: Research has demonstrated that certain medicinal plants and spices possess antimicrobial and antibiotic properties that may contribute to the treatment of urinary tract infections.},  
Keywords = {Disease, Kidney, Bladder, Urinary tract infection, Medicinal plants, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {109-118}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.12},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Behzadi, Farhad and Roosta, Yousef},  
title = {The Role of Plant-Based Antioxidants in the Prevention and Mitigation of Hemorrhoid Complications: A Comprehensive Review in Traditional Iranian Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objective: Hemorrhoids arise from the inflammation and distension of the blood vessels surrounding the rectum. This region is characterized by a dense network of blood vessels subjected to significant pressure fluctuations during bowel movements. Traditional Iranian medicine incorporates the use of various herbal remedies for the management of hemorrhoids and associated symptoms. This review aims to comprehensively examine and document the traditional Iranian medicinal plants utilized in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Methods:  A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing key terms such as "medicinal plants," "hemorrhoids," "traditional medicine," and "ethnobotany." Electronic databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, SID, and Magiran were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. In addition, a thorough review of existing ethnobotanical literature was undertaken to ensure a comprehensive understanding of traditional Iranian practices related to hemorrhoid management. Results: This review identified a diverse array of medicinal plants traditionally used in Iran for the management of hemorrhoids, including olive, coconut, aloe vera, apple, turmeric, chamomile, cranberry, hazel, lemon, almond, ginger, psyllium, flixweed, and yarrow. Conclusion:  The results of this review indicate that medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and soothing properties play an important role in the prevention and mitigation of hemorrhoid complications. Due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, these plants help reduce inflammation and speed up the healing of damaged tissues. Additionally, a fiber-rich diet aids in improving bowel movements and reducing pressure on the rectal area, making it a key factor in the prevention of hemorrhoids.  },  
Keywords = {},
volume = {7},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {119-124}, 
publisher = {},
title_fa = {},
abstract_fa ={},
keywords_fa = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.1.8},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}