@article{ 
author = {Dawoud, Azza and Dawoud, Dali},  
title = {Sudanese Medicinal Plants for Enhancing Lactation: Integrating Traditional Knowledge and Scientific Evidence}, 
abstract ={Objective: This review aims to integrate traditional Sudanese knowledge and scientific evidence regarding medicinal plants used to stimulate lactation in nursing mothers. It focuses on the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological profiles of commonly used galactagogues in Sudan, highlighting their mechanisms of action and potential for integration into primary healthcare. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed articles, ethnobotanical surveys, and clinical reports from 2000 to 2025. Keywords included "Sudanese medicinal plants," "galactagogue," "lactation support," and "traditional herbal medicine." Studies were selected based on their relevance to Sudanese flora and evidence of lactogenic effects, including experimental and clinical data. Results: The review identifies about ten medicinal plants traditionally used in Sudan to enhance milk production, including Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Adansonia digitata (baobab), and Nigella sativa (black cumin). These plants exhibit diverse phytochemical compositions such as saponins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, and essential fatty acids that act through prolactin stimulation, estrogenic activity, and nutritional support. Despite promising ethnomedical use and preliminary scientific evidence, most of these galactagogues lack standardized formulations, clinical validation, and regulatory oversight. Integrating validated herbal galactagogues into primary healthcare systems presents a culturally acceptable and operationally viable solution to support lactation, especially in resource-limited Sudanese communities. Conclusion: Sudanese medicinal plants hold significant potential as natural lactation enhancers. However, their incorporation into maternal health strategies requires further clinical research, phytochemical standardization, and supportive health policy frameworks.  },  
Keywords = {,Sudan,medicinal plants,lactation,galactagogues,traditional medicine,maternal health},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {1-11}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.1},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-309-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-309-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {s, Bhargavi and BS, Ashok Kumar and A, Chaithanya and PM, Hem},  
title = {A Review on Exploring the Medicinal Potential of Murraya koenigii: Photochemistry, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Benefits}, 
abstract ={Objective: Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) are tiny, fragrant deciduous tree native to tropical and subtropical regions. Known for its aromatic leaves It is extensively utilized in culinary dishes and conventional treatments for its blood-thinning, antidiarrheal, and anti-inflammatory properties, alongside its role in fragrance and oil industries. Methodology: A complete database search was undertaken using terms such as' pharmacology ' 'antidiabetics,' 'anticancer,' ‘Murraya koenigii’, ‘photochemistry’ to locate relevant material. Databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were utilized to look for relevant publications, particularly ethnobotanical research on the issue. Result:  In traditional medicine, plant extracts such as M. koenigii have been found to have healing properties. M. koenigii, originating from India, has been found in various parts and is rich in compounds that exhibit potent biological processes, such as antioxidant, anti diabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Conclusion: M. koenigii, a plant with medicinal properties, contains bioactive compounds with anticancer and health-promoting effects, including cancer prevention, immune system modulation, antioxidant effects, and neurological disorders.sa},  
Keywords = {Murraya Koenigii Linn,Photochemistry,anticancer,antidiabetics,pharmacology},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {12-28}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.13},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Joudi, Zahr},  
title = {Review on Treating Children\'s Appetite Loss Using Natural and Herbal Methods}, 
abstract ={Objective: Anorexia in children is a common nutritional issue that can adversely affect their growth and overall health. The use of natural methods and medicinal plants in traditional medicine has gained attention as a safe and effective approach to address this concern. This study aims to identify medicinal plants effective in treating childhood anorexia, based on the rich knowledge and documentation of traditional medicine. Methodology: This review article was conducted by searching for key terms related to medicinal plants, traditional medicine, children, appetite stimulants, and anorexia in databases such as Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Relevant articles were selected for literature review. Results: In Iranian traditional medicine, several medicinal plants are considered effective appetite stimulants for children. These include lemon, rosemary, thyme, ginger, wheat, tarragon, black pepper, golpar, mint, oregano, coriander, fennel, potato, olive, pomegranate, fig, carrot, garlic, cinnamon, saffron, yarrow, wild thyme, chicory, turmeric, fenugreek, balm, horseradish, and aloe vera. These plants are part of the significant herbal flora in Iran and have been traditionally used to stimulate appetite in children. Conclusion: Treating childhood anorexia with medicinal plants in Iranian traditional medicine is recognized as a safe and effective method. Due to their appetite-stimulating properties and digestive benefits, these herbs can contribute to enhancing appetite and improving the nutritional intake of children. Further research is needed to confirm the clinical effects of these plants.  },  
Keywords = {Children, Appetite loss, Medicinal plants, Growth and health, Natural treatment},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {29-35}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.8},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-279-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-279-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Saki, Koroush and Pourrahim, Alirez},  
title = {Ethnobotanical Investigation of Traditional Pediatric Sedative and Anti-Stress Herbal Teas in Ilam City, Western Iran: Cultural Practices and Therapeutic Applications}, 
abstract ={Objective: The pediatric population represents one of the most vulnerable demographic groups in healthcare systems due to ongoing physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Children’s unique physiological and developmental characteristics necessitate tailored therapeutic approaches, especially when addressing stress, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Traditional knowledge systems have long embraced the use of herbal teas prepared from locally available botanicals, whose safety profiles have been validated through generations of use. This study was conducted to identify, document, and investigate the medicinal plants employed for sedative and anti-stress purposes in children by the indigenous communities of Ilam City, western Iran through an ethnobotanical lens. Methodology: A cross-sectional ethnobotanical survey was conducted in city of Ilam, western Iran. Data were collected via semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and structured questionnaires with 25 traditional healers and herbal practitioners selected for their expertise and community recognition. Herbarium specimens of the cited plants were then authenticated at the Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences. Quantitative analysis, including Use Report (UR), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and PFU were employed to assess the cultural significance and therapeutic relevance of the identified species. Results: The survey revealed 14 medicinal plant species used as pediatric sedative and anti-stress herbal teas, spanning 9 botanical families. Among these, families such as Lamiaceae dominated the practice, with leaves being the most commonly utilized plant part (35%) and infusion the predominant method of preparation (50%). Among the identified botanicals, several notable species include Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha piperita, Echium amoenum, Crocus sativus, Cinnamomum verum, Valeriana officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Camellia sinensis, Zingiber officinale, Origanum majorana, and Foeniculum vulgare. Echium amoenum emerged as the leading candidate with a Usage Report (UR) of 8, Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) of 0.32, and a Percentage of Frequency of Use (PFU) of 32.0%, underscoring its cultural prominence and therapeutic claim in the region. Conclusion: This study highlights the rich ethnobotanical heritage of Ilam City, demonstrating that locally used pediatric sedative and anti-stress herbal teas represent a viable, culturally integrated alternative to conventional pediatric therapies. The findings underscore the importance of preserving traditional knowledge and suggest that further scientific validation of these plant-based remedies could contribute to safer therapeutic options in pediatric healthcare.  },  
Keywords = {Children, Stress, Relaxation, Medicinal plants, Ethnobotany, Ilam, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {36-48}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.2.3},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HooshmandGarehbagh, Laya and Tahmasebi, Masoumeh},  
title = {A Review of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia: An Ethnobotanical Survey in Southern Iran}, 
abstract ={Objective: Hyperlipidemia refers to a condition characterized by an abnormally high level of lipids (fats) in the blood. This disorder typically involves elevated triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, commonly known as "bad cholesterol," which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and other serious health issues. This ethnobotanical review aims to identify medicinal plants used in the ethnobotanical knowledge of southern Iran for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Methodology: In this review, articles were searched using keywords such as medicinal plants, ethnobotany, hyperlipidemia, and the names of the provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Khuzestan, Fars, and Kerman. For source collection, reliable databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were consulted. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were selected and used in the analysis. Results: The study found that the following medicinal plants are used in the ethnobotanical knowledge of southern Iran to treat hyperlipidemia: Lepidium latifolium L., Cichorium intybus L., Achillea millefolium L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Arum elongatum subsp. alpinariae Alpinar & R.R. Mill, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Rheum ribes L., Amygdalus lycioides Spach, Amygdalus scoparia, Withania somnifera, Caralluma edulis, Rumex acetosa L., Coriandrum sativum, Allium sativum, Sesamum indicum, Anethum graveolens L., Anthriscus sylvestris, Gundelia tourneforti L., Tragopogon aureus Boiss, Trigonella foenumgraecum L., Solanum nigrum L., Phoenix dactylifera L., Achillea eriophora DC., Artemisia sieberi Besser, Bienertia cycloptera, and Teucrium polium L. The leaves of these medicinal plants are the most commonly used plant part for lowering blood lipids. Conclusion: This study highlighted the widespread use of various medicinal plants in southern Iran's ethnobotanical knowledge for reducing blood lipids. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of these plants in managing hyperlipidemia. However, clinical and pharmacological studies are essential to confirm the efficacy and safety of these herbal compounds.  },  
Keywords = {Hyperlipidemia, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {49-57}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.12},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {s, Bhargavi and BS, Ashok Kumar and PM, Hem},  
title = {A Review on Emerging Trends in Biologic Drugs and Biosimilars}, 
abstract ={Objective: Biologic medications have greatly improved the management of complex and chronic illnesses by providing targeted, specific, and less-toxic therapies in comparison to traditional small-molecule medications. These protein-based, large therapies derived from living organisms are at the forefront of managing cancer, autoimmune diseases, and orphan diseases. As the patents for key biologics expire, biosimilars—hypothesized copies that are very similar and cheaper—are becoming increasingly important as a plausible alternative, improving affordability and treatment access. Methodology: The review aggregates current peer-reviewed journals, international regulatory guidelines, and pharmaceutical market reports released between 2015 and 2025. The review targets technological advancements, regulatory updates, and market trends that affect biologics and biosimilars. Sources were picked on grounds of relevance, credibility, and additive value towards the dynamic trend of biopharmaceuticals. Results: Emerging technologies like monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, gene therapy, and cell-based therapies are broadening the therapeutic applications of biologics. Adoption of biosimilars is growing across the world, especially in Europe, with gathering momentum in the United States and developing nations. Bodies like the FDA and EMA have launched formalized approval pathways to ascertain biosimilar safety and efficacy. Nonetheless, regulatory hurdles remain in production, immunogenic risk, and gaining wider market acceptance. Conclusion: Biologics and biosimilars are the wave of the future in disease management, promising new solutions for daunting health problems. Despite regulatory and production hurdles, further innovation in biotechnology and public policy can be anticipated to propel their broad implementation. They have the potential to improve patient outcomes and lower health care costs globally.  },  
Keywords = {Biologic drugs,monoclonal antibodies,gene therapy,precision medicine,Regulatory landscape},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {58-67}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.58},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mkangara, Mwanaish},  
title = {GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Ethyl acetate and Chloroform extracts of Aloe rabaiensis Rendle}, 
abstract ={Objective: Plants have been a good source of lead compounds for nutraceutical and therapeutic potentials against ailments of human and animal importance since the introduction of man on earth. The lead compounds continue to be precursors in developing drugs with insignificant side effects and replace synthetic medicines. Several phytochemical compounds have been reported in different species of Aloe belonging to the family Asphodelaceae. The established phytoconstituents from the genus Aloe possess several activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties. However, there is limited information related to phytochemicals from Aloe rabaiensis Rendle. Methods: This is the first study investigating the phytoconstituents in A. rabaiensis from Tanzania. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of A. rabaiensis leaf extracts was performed using GC-MS equipment (Agilent Technologies) to identify the phytochemical constituents. Results: The GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of fourteen and six compounds from the leaf’s ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of A. rabaiensis, respectively. The compounds belong to different classes, including amines, esters, carboxylic acid, ketone, phenol, alkane and alcohol. No common compound(s) was/were identified from both extracts. Conclusion: The identified phytoconstituents, backed with reported ethnomedical and ethnoveterinary use of A. rabaiensis, are evidence, thus, significant precursors for drug development.},  
Keywords = {A. rabaiensis,GC-MS,Phytoconstituents,Pharmacological properties,Plant extract},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {68-77}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.68},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghazizadeh, Farid and Khalili, Naser},  
title = {Hypertension Treatment in Central Iran with Medicinal Plants: A Review of Ethnobotanical Evidence from Iran}, 
abstract ={Objective: Hypertension refers to the abnormal elevation of blood pressure in the arterial walls and can lead to serious conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney failure, atherosclerosis, eye disorders, and stroke. The aim of this study was to identify medicinal plants in central Iran that are used to treat high blood pressure. Methods: In this review study, articles were searched using key terms such as "medicinal plants," "blood pressure," "ethnobotany," "Iran," "Esfahan province," "Fars," "Yazd," "Central," "Qom," "Alborz," and "Semnan." Databases such as Google Scholar, SID, MegaIran, PubMed, and Scopus were utilized for the search. Ethnobotanical articles in this field were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The results indicate that certain medicinal plants are effective in controlling high blood pressure and treating hypertension. Medicinal plants such as Ajuga chamaecistus, Salvia, Crataegus atrosanguinea, Artemisia dranculus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Zea mays, Portulaca oleracea, Solanum melongena, Crataegus monogyna, Tragopogon graminifoliu, Rheum × hybridum, Phoenix dactylifera, Cichorium intybus, Silybum marianum, Olea europaea, Rumex crispus, Ziziphus jujuba, and Anthemis gayana have shown efficacy in reducing high blood pressure and may be used as natural treatments to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The use of various medicinal plants in central Iran can be considered as an effective and natural treatment for controlling high blood pressure. These plants, in addition to lowering blood pressure, serve as a preventive option against cardiovascular diseases. However, further studies are required to validate the clinical effects and safety of these plants in hypertension treatment.},  
Keywords = {Hypertension, Medicinal plants, Ethnobotany, Treatment, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {78-86}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.10},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {s, Bhargavi and BS, Ashok Kumar and PM, Hema and HS, Mamath},  
title = {From Fruit to Pharma: A Review on the Phytochemicals, Extraction Methods, and Pharmacological Potential of Citrullus lanatus}, 
abstract ={Objective: Watermelon, a tropical fruit with high water content, is rich in phytochemicals like cucurbitacins, flavonoids, glycosides, carotenoids, polyphenols, and amino acids. These compounds have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, and can help control blood pressure, glucose levels, and lipid metabolism. Methodology: A complete database search was undertaken using terms such as' pharmacology','extraction methods,' ' nutrition profile,' ‘Citrullus lanatus’, ‘phytochemistry’ to locate relevant material. Databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were utilized to look for relevant publications, particularly ethnobotanical research on the issue. Results: Watermelon exhibits a range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, laxative, and anticancer properties. The study emphasizes the need for effective and environmentally friendly extraction techniques, including supercritical fluid and ultrasound-assisted extraction, to separate bioactive components from watermelon Conclusion:  Environmentally friendly extraction methods and further research could advance its potential as a plant-based medication.},  
Keywords = {Citrullus lanatus,phytochemicals,Pharmacology,extraction methods,nutrition value},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {87-104}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.87},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Isah, Mustaph},  
title = {Zeolite as An Efficient Nanocarrier and Its Applications: A Mini Review}, 
abstract ={Objective: Nanoparticles possess significant potential across a wide array of applications; however, their unencapsulated deployment is impeded by various challenges, including aggregation, instability, and toxicity. Zeolites, which are crystalline aluminosilicate minerals, have surfaced as promising carriers to mitigate these issues, thereby enhancing the stability, functionality, and targeting capabilities of nanomaterials. Methods: The relevant literatures were searched from the google scholar, web of science (WOS), Scopus and PubMed data bases transverse from the year 2013 to 2024 with search keywords switching from zeolite, nano zeolite, nanoparticles to nanocomposite applications.    Results: The unique microporous architecture, extensive surface area, and remarkable stability of zeolites render them suitable for applications within the biomedical, environmental, and industrial domains. In the field of biomedicine, zeolites facilitate targeted drug delivery by leveraging their pH-responsive characteristics to release therapeutic agents consequently improving therapeutic efficacy whilst reducing adverse effects. Furthermore, zeolites are conducive to theragnostic applications, which integrate both diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities. In the context of environmental remediation, nano-zeolites proficiently eliminate pollutants via mechanisms including ion-exchange, sorption, and photodegradation, with green synthesis methodologies further promoting their sustainability. In industrial sector, zeolites serve as catalysts, wherein the incorporation of metal nanoparticles into their frameworks enhances catalytic efficiency, selectivity, and stability. In agricultural settings, these materials enable delivery of nutrients and agrochemicals, thereby fostering sustainable practices. Moreover, their application in gas delivery systems, such as the transport of nitric oxide and carbon dioxide, underscores their versatility in biomedical environments. Nevertheless, their extensive applicability, challenges pertaining to scalable synthesis and cost-effectiveness necessitate attention. Conclusion: This review accentuates the transformative potential of zeolites as multifunctional nanocarriers, thereby paving the way for innovations within the biomedical, environmental, and industrial sectors.  },  
Keywords = {,Nanoparticles,carriers,zeolite,nano zeolite,applications},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {105-114}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.3},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Changaee, Farahnaz},  
title = {The Role of Native Medicinal Plants in Supporting Pregnancy Health: A Traditional Medicine Approach with Their Mechanisms of Action}, 
abstract ={Objective: Pregnancy is a critical period requiring special attention to both maternal and fetal health. The selection of effective and safe treatments for addressing pregnancy-related complications is of paramount importance. In this regard, medicinal plants, as a natural and complementary option within traditional medicine, have garnered increasing interest due to their potential in promoting pregnancy health and fetal development. Methodology: This review investigates the indigenous medicinal plants of Iran traditionally used to support and strengthen pregnancy. The data collection involved comprehensive searches of reputable scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as classical texts of Persian traditional medicine and credible online sources. Non-relevant studies were excluded, and only those aligned with the subject matter were critically analyzed. Results: According to the historical records and doctrines of Iranian traditional medicine, numerous herbal remedies are recommended for promoting maternal health during pregnancy. These include Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), Taraxacum officinale (dandelion), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Salix aegyptiaca (willow), Mentha piperita (peppermint), Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek), Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn), Cuminum cyminum (green cumin), Tribulus terrestris, Urtica dioica (nettle), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Rosa damascena (damask rose), Lippia citriodora (lemon verbena), Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), and Ziziphus jujuba (jujube). The beneficial properties of these herbs such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and calming effects contribute significantly to maternal well-being. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that medicinal plants can play a vital role in supporting maternal health during pregnancy. Their therapeutic actions—ranging from reducing inflammation to enhancing systemic function underscore their relevance in natural prenatal care. Nonetheless, to avoid adverse outcomes and herb-drug interactions, their use must be supervised by qualified healthcare professionals or traditional medicine specialists.  },  
Keywords = {Pregnancy, Maternal Health, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine, Protective},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {115-123}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.5},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Oluyele, Olumide and Ezekiel, Akinyeke},  
title = {Therapeutic Potentials of Persea americana Peptide: In silico and Experimental studies}, 
abstract ={Objective: Salmonella infections constitute a growing healthcare concern ranging from gastroenteritis to severe invasive diseases that require hospitalization. Persea americana is valued for its high nutritional content and health benefits. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of Persea americana derived seed peptide (PASP) on Salmonella-infected Wistar rats. Methods: Peptide from the plant material was obtained via aqueous extraction. Susceptibility testing of PASP against the test multi-drug-resistant Salmonella typhi was performed using standard microbiological assays. The constituents in PASP were measured via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, and virtually screened against DNA gyrase B. Therapeutic effect of PASP was evaluated in-vivo using murine model, comprising seven different groups (n=3). Results: PASP elicited potent activity against the tested organism producing inhibition zone of: 22 mm at 100 mg/mL, and MIC value of 25 mg/mL. The pharmacodynamics of PASP revealed a time dependent decline in microbial cells. Amongst the constituents of PASP, Phenylalanine, Cystine, Histidine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid had the highest binding scores, with the free binding energy of these compounds’ superior to Ofloxacin. PASP had appreciable therapeutic effect on the S. typhi infected rats via alleviating signs and symptoms of infection, modulating hematological parameters PCV (44.00±0.57%), WBC (6.93±2.08x109/L), Lymphoctyes (8.46±4.08%); and had no pronounced detrimental impact on the rats’ biomarkers ALP (44.33±3.17 U/L), AST (184.66±4.05 U/L), ALT (108.33±13.17 U/L) (group administered with 25 mg/mL PASP). Conclusion: These findings provide substantial evidence on the safety and anti-Salmonella efficacy of bioactive peptide from P. americana seeds.  },  
Keywords = {Persea americana seeds,peptide,Salmonella typhi,antimicrobial resistance,DNA gyrase,virtual screening},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {124-138}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.7},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jafari, Rasool and Vazifekhah, Shabnam},  
title = {The Most Effective Medicinal Plants for Toxoplasmosis-Induced Miscarriage and of Their Mechanisms of Action}, 
abstract ={Objective: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which poses a serious threat during pregnancy. Maternal infection can lead to transplacental transmission, resulting in grave complications such as congenital abnormalities, premature birth, and miscarriage. Timely prevention and treatment are crucial for safeguarding the health of both mother and foetus. This review aims to identify and report medicinal plants with potential efficacy against toxoplasmosis. Methodology: A comprehensive review was conducted using keywords such as “toxoplasmosis,” “parasitic infection,” “traditional medicine,” “medicinal plants,” and “treatment.” Relevant literature was retrieved from databases including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Scopus, as well as classical Iranian traditional medicine sources. Irrelevant studies were excluded, and the selected literature was analysed to extract pertinent findings. Results: The review identified a number of medicinal plants traditionally recognised for their antiparasitic properties and their role in enhancing the immune system. Notable among these are Heracleum persicum (Persian hogweed), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Lawsonia inermis (henna), Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain), Allium sativum (garlic), Juglans regia (walnut), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Carum carvi (black cumin), Eucalyptus spp., Ferula gummosa, Artemisia spp., Marrubium vulgare, Salvia officinalis (sage), Lippia citriodora (lemon verbena), Myrtus communis, Curcuma longa (turmeric), Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Mentha spp. (mint), Sideritis spp. (ironwort), Scrophularia striata, Allium cepa (onion), Alyssum spp., Lepidium sativum, Raphanus sativus (radish), Tagetes spp., Taraxacum officinale (dandelion), Balsamodendron spp., saffron-coloured turmeric, Ginkgo biloba, Olea europaea (olive), Sophora flavescens, Melia azedarach, Zataria multiflora, Dracocephalum spp., and Stachys lavandulifolia. These plants have been documented as potentially effective agents in controlling T. gondii infections linked to miscarriage. Conclusion: The findings of this review suggest that numerous medicinal plants within the corpus of Iranian traditional medicine exhibit promising antiparasitic and immunomodulatory properties against Toxoplasma gondii. These botanicals may serve as adjunctive therapies in the management of toxoplasmosis, particularly in pregnant women. However, their use should be approached with caution and administered under professional medical supervision alongside conventional treatments to mitigate potential side effects and ensure safety.},  
Keywords = {Infection, Parasite, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {139-147}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.14},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-295-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-295-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Isah, Mustaph},  
title = {Recent Advancement of Nanomaterials: Properties, Fabrication, and Applications}, 
abstract ={Nanotechnology has revolutionized materials science, enabling the development of nanoparticles, nanocomposites and nanomaterials with superior mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties for applications in medicine, electronics, energy and environmental sustainability. The data were taken from recent publications available via Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. This review examines their classification, synthesis methods, key properties and applications and highlights the role of metal, metal oxide, carbon-based, polymeric and quantum dot nanoparticles in biomedicine, catalysis and nanoelectronics. Synthesis techniques are categorized into top-down (ball milling, lithography, laser ablation) and bottom-up approaches (sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition, biological synthesis), each offering unique advantages in terms of scalability and precision. Nanocomposites, including polymer-based, metal-based and ceramic-based types, incorporate nanofillers to improve mechanical strength, thermal stability and electrical conductivity, using fabrication methods such as in-situ polymerization. Functionalization further expands their applications in drug delivery, flexible electronics, and advanced coatings. However, challenges related to toxicity, environmental impact, scalability, and regulations persist, necessitating sustainable synthesis, AI-driven material design, and stringent ethical standards. Addressing these issues is key to unlocking nanotechnology’s full potential for next-generation industrial and scientific advancements.  },  
Keywords = {Nanoparticles,Nanocomposites,Nanomaterials,Fabrication Methods,Applications},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {148-163}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.148},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mahmoodzadeh, Hashem and Valizadeh, Mohamm},  
title = {A Review of Herbal Antioxidants in the Treatment of Pediatric Urinary Frequency: A Comprehensive Study in Iranian Traditional Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objective: Urinary frequency in children is a common issue of the urinary system, which can arise from various factors such as infections, inflammation, or neuro-muscular disorders. In Iranian traditional medicine, medicinal plants rich in antioxidant compounds have been utilized as a natural approach to reduce inflammation and improve urinary system function. This review aims to identify and report on medicinal plants effective in treating urinary frequency in children in Iranian traditional medicine. Methodology: In this review, keywords including "medicinal plants," "urinary frequency," "children," and "Iranian traditional medicine" were used for literature searches. Credible databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus were employed to retrieve the relevant studies. Results: Medicinal plants such as mint, ginger, cinnamon, chamomile, lemon, green tea, marshmallow, walnut, fennel, dill, black cumin, lavender, quince seed, bindweed, valerian, Persian pomegranate, nettle, and fenugreek have been used for the treatment of urinary frequency. Conclusion: The results of this study show that several medicinal plants with antioxidant properties have been used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat urinary frequency in children. These plants, containing compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, can reduce inflammation, improve bladder function, and strengthen the immune system, thereby helping alleviate the symptoms of this disorder. However, further research is needed to confirm their efficacy and determine appropriate dosages for children.  },  
Keywords = {Urinary frequency, Children, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine, Iran},
volume = {7},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {164-172}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.61186/pbp.7.3.11},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2025}  
}