@article{ 
author = {Dawoud, Azza and Aburizig, Marwa and Abbakar, Balsam and Ibrahim, Anwar and FathElrhman, Maram and Aljaili, Omsalama and DiaAldin, Marwa and Adil, Wal},  
title = {Herbal Cosmeceuticals in Sudan: Phytochemical Properties, Therapeutic Potentials, and Economic Opportunities}, 
abstract ={Objective: Herbal cosmeceuticals are gaining global attention due to their multifunctional, safe, and sustainable properties. Sudan, endowed with rich biodiversity and ethnobotanical heritage, hosts numerous medicinal plants traditionally used for skin and hair care. However, scientific validation, standardization, and industrial development of these plants remain limited. This review systematically identifies Sudanese medicinal plants with cosmeceutical potential, evaluates their phytochemical and pharmacological evidence, and explores industrial and economic opportunities. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and AJOL up to August 2025. Boolean operators were used, and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied following PRISMA guidelines. Study quality was assessed using CASP and AMSTAR 2 tools. Results: Fifteen Sudanese medicinal plants were identified, with Nigella sativa, Lawsonia inermis, and Adansonia digitata being the most frequently studied. These plants exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, moisturizing, and hair-strengthening effects. However, most evidence derived from in vitro and animal studies, with limited clinical validation and no standardized industrial formulations. SWOT analysis highlighted opportunities (biodiversity, global market demand, women’s empowerment) and challenges (regulatory gaps, limited infrastructure, lack of standardization). Conclusion: Sudanese medicinal plants possess strong potential for developing innovative herbal cosmeceuticals. Future research should focus on clinical validation, standardization protocols, and industrial feasibility. Harnessing these resources could promote therapeutic innovation, empower local communities, and enhance Sudan’s role in the global “green beauty” market.   },  
Keywords = {Keywords: Herbal cosmeceuticals,Sudanese medicinal plants,phytochemistry,dermatological applications,industrial and economic opportunities},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-11}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pashapour, Pouneh},  
title = {The Use of Medicinal Plants in the Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction: A Review of Traditional Medical Sources}, 
abstract ={Objective: Myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Traditional Iranian medicine has long employed medicinal plants to strengthen the heart and mitigate complications associated with heart attacks. This review aims to identify medicinal plants historically used in the management and prevention of myocardial infarction according to traditional Iranian medical texts. Methods: In accordance with the principles of traditional medicine, this review systematically examined classical texts, specialized herbal literature, and credible online sources to identify plants associated with the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction. Results: Historical evidence indicates that traditional communities relied on plants such as Crocus sativus L., Borago officinalis L., Curcuma longa L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Thymus vulgaris L., Althaea officinalis L., Cuminum cyminum L., Melissa officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Valeriana officinalis L., Achillea millefolium L., Citrus aurantium L., Allium sativum L., Salvia officinalis L., Papaver rhoeas L., Capsicum annuum L., Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Hordeum vulgare L., Mentha spicata L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, Berberis vulgaris L., Anethum graveolens L., Cichorium intybus L., Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, Punica granatum L. as herbal remedies for the prevention and management of myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Medicinal plants demonstrate significant potential in the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction. Their traditional applications may serve as valuable complementary strategies alongside modern cardiovascular therapies. Scientific validation of these plants could facilitate the development of novel, safe, and effective cardiac medications.  },  
Keywords = {Heart, Myocardial infarction, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine, Iran, Treatment},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {12-17}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mivefroshan, Azam},  
title = {An Insight into the Most Important Medicinal Plants for Improving Metabolic Syndrome in Traditional Iranian Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disorder characterized by visceral obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C levels, and insulin resistance, representing a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Alongside lifestyle interventions, medicinal plants have long been used as complementary strategies for its prevention and management. Traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) documents a wide variety of plants believed to influence metabolic syndrome components. This review aims to identify key medicinal plants reported in TIM and examine the scientific evidence supporting their role in prevention and treatment. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using authoritative TIM texts and international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Searches employed keywords related to metabolic syndrome and medicinal plants in both Persian and English. Studies investigating the effects of medicinal plants on the prevention, management, or treatment of metabolic syndrome components were included. Results: Numerous plants including Aloe vera, green tea, Citrullus colocynthis, chamomile, turmeric, ginger, barberry, milk thistle, nettle, chicory, bitter orange, savory, rosemary, pomegranate, garlic, dill, Tribulus terrestris, artichoke, lemon balm, Astragalus, oat, borage, flaxseed, black cumin, thyme, saffron, cinnamon, coriander, rhubarb, hemp, peppermint, passionflower, valerian, wild radish, Peganum harmala, and fennel—have traditionally been used in TIM to modulate features of metabolic syndrome. Experimental and clinical evidence supports some of these plants in enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing lipid levels, regulating blood pressure, and controlling body weight. Conclusion: Medicinal plants documented in TIM may serve as complementary approaches for managing metabolic syndrome. Although preliminary findings are encouraging, much of the evidence derives from animal studies or traditional reports, emphasizing the need for rigorously designed clinical trials to confirm safety and efficacy. This review provides a basis for future research and the development of evidence-based herbal interventions.},  
Keywords = {Metabolic syndrome, Medicinal plants, Phytotherapy, Traditional Iranian medicine, Herbal medicine, Cardiovascular diseases, Insulin resistance},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {18-28}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kamkari, Sima and SoufizadehBalaneji, Souz},  
title = {The Role of Medicinal Plants in Relieving Menopausal Symptoms: A Traditional Iranian Medicine Perspective}, 
abstract ={Objective: Menopause represents a significant endocrinological transition characterized by declining estrogen levels, leading to vasomotor symptoms (e.g., hot flashes and night sweats), sleep disturbances, and affective changes. Given the growing interest in non-hormonal management strategies, complementary therapies, particularly the use of medicinal plants, have received increasing attention. Methods: This study systematically reviews and identifies the evidence regarding medicinal plants employed in Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) for the management of menopausal symptoms. This review involved a structured examination of authoritative TIM texts, alongside pharmacognosy references and established scientific databases. Inclusion criteria mandated explicit mention of plants in traditional sources as remedies for menopause-related symptoms, excluding those cited in non-authoritative references or lacking direct symptomatic relevance. Results: Analysis of the literature identified several key medicinal plants traditionally utilized for this purpose, most notably: Foeniculum vulgare, Trifolium pratense, Vitex agnus-castus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Salvia officinalis, and Matricaria chamomilla. Conclusion: Traditional reports primarily attribute therapeutic effects to these plants, including hormonal modulation, alleviation of vasomotor symptoms, improvement in sleep quality, and anxiolytic or sedative properties. The evidence from Traditional Iranian Medicine suggests considerable potential for specific medicinal plants in alleviating menopausal distress. However, rigorous clinical efficacy and safety trials are essential to validate these traditional claims, establish optimal therapeutic dosages, and evaluate potential drug-herb interactions. When supported by scientific evidence, these plants could be integrated as valuable adjunctive interventions to enhance the quality of life for women navigating the menopausal transition.},  
Keywords = {Menopause, Women, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Iranian Medicine, Phytoestrogens, Menopausal Symptoms},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {29-39}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-382-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-382-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kiani, Arezou},  
title = {Phytopharmacology in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Iranian Traditional Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders affecting the elderly, characterized by memory decline, impaired cognitive function, and behavioral alterations. Given the limited efficacy and potential side effects of conventional pharmacological treatments, there is increasing interest in complementary therapies, particularly medicinal plants. Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), as a rich repository of therapeutic knowledge, contains extensive clinical experience and recommendations for enhancing memory and preventing cognitive decline. This review aims to examine both classical ITM sources and contemporary scientific literature regarding medicinal plants with potential efficacy in preventing and managing Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: This study is a literature review based on authoritative ITM sources, the works of prominent Persian scholars, and recent scientific publications indexed in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran. Results: According to ITM texts, several plants including white mulberry, black mulberry, rosemary, sage, frankincense, parsley, thyme, lavender, peppermint, chamomile, walnut, beetroot, apple, sainfoin, saffron, St. John’s wort, jujube, turmeric, bitter almond, fig, thyme-leaved savory, cinnamon, green tea, spinach, lettuce, lemon balm, grape, coconut, ginger, damask rose, bergamot, sesame, Persian hogweed, borage, hyssop, valerian, basil, and chicory have been reported to exert beneficial effects in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that many plants cited in ITM contain bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. Through mechanisms including acetylcholinesterase inhibition, reduction of oxidative stress, modulation of neuroinflammation, and improvement of cerebral blood flow, these plants may contribute to the prevention or slowing of Alzheimer’s disease progression. Administration of rosemary, sage, saffron, frankincense, lemon balm, and turmeric in the form of herbal medicines or dietary supplements represents a potentially safe and effective adjunctive approach. Nevertheless, further clinical trials are essential to confirm their safety, optimal dosing, and potential drug interactions.  },  
Keywords = {,Alzheimer’s disease,phytopharmacology,Iranian traditional medicine,medicinal plants,memory,acetylcholinesterase},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {40-70}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-361-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-361-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Afsari, Elnaz},  
title = {Medicinal Plants for Enhancing Female Sexual Function: An Ethnobotanical Systematic Review}, 
abstract ={Objective: Female sexual dysfunction and dissatisfaction are significant public health concerns influenced by a complex interplay of physical, psychological, cultural, and social factors. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches, particularly the use of medicinal plants. Ethnobotanical knowledge, through the systematic documentation of traditional plant uses, plays a critical role in identifying potential natural resources for improving female sexual desire and function. The present study aimed to conduct an ethnobotanical systematic review of medicinal plants traditionally used to enhance female sexual function, thereby providing a scientific basis for future clinical and pharmacological investigations. Methods: This study was designed as an ethnobotanical systematic review to identify and analyze medicinal plants used within the indigenous knowledge systems of Iran to improve female sexual desire and performance. Data were collected through a comprehensive and systematic search of national and international scientific databases. Eligible studies and sources were selected and analyzed according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Ethnobotanical evidence from Iran indicates the traditional use of several medicinal plants for enhancing female sexual function and managing sexual disorders. The identified plants include Pistacia atlantica, Achillea santolinoides, Equisetum arvense L., Anthemis altissima L., Ducrosia anethifolia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Plantago major L., Tripleurospermum disciforme, Salvia palaestina Benth., Helianthus tuberosus L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Adonis aestivalis L., Linum usitatissimum, Orchis latifolia L., Tribulus terrestris L., Matricaria aurea L., Rhus coriaria L., Valeriana officinalis L., Crocus abantensis, Cynodon dactylon, and Biebersteinia multifida. Conclusion: The medicinal plants identified within Iranian ethnobotanical knowledge systems demonstrate potential for improving female sexual function and enhancing sexual desire. These traditional resources may serve as valuable and reliable candidates for future clinical research and for the development of safe and effective complementary therapeutic interventions.  },  
Keywords = {Medicinal plants, Female sexual function, Ethnobotany, Complementary therapy},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {71-81}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-386-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-386-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hajiesmaello, Maryam and Mohammadi, Ebrahim},  
title = {Herbal Agents for Weight Loss and Anti-Obesity: A Review of Traditional Iranian Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objective: Obesity, particularly the accumulation of fat in the abdominal and flank regions, represents a major public health challenge. Beyond aesthetic concerns, it significantly increases the risk of chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) provides a natural, complementary approach to obesity management through a diverse array of medicinal plants. This review aims to identify and summarize the most prominent and frequently used herbal remedies for controlling abdominal and flank obesity in classical TIM sources. Methods: A literature review was conducted using classical TIM manuscripts and authoritative herbal medicine references focused on obesity management. Complementary searches were performed in recognized databases, including ISC, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Magiran, using Persian and English keywords related to “medicinal plants,” “obesity,” and “abdominal and flank fat.” Relevant articles and online sources were collected and analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of effective herbal interventions. Results: The findings indicate that a wide range of medicinal plants exhibit significant effects on weight reduction and obesity control. Zingiberaceae, including ginger, turmeric, and cardamom; Lamiaceae, such as thyme, savory, and rosemary; and Apiaceae, including celery, ajwain, cumin, and fennel, enhance metabolism and reduce fat accumulation. Asteraceae species, such as chamomile and yarrow, improve digestion and regulate blood sugar, while legumes, including peanuts, soy, and fenugreek, contribute to appetite suppression. Additionally, Rosaceae plants, such as apple, rose, and damask rose, provide antioxidant compounds, and other herbs, including mustard, khakshir, saffron, barberry, black seed, garlic, and lemon balm, exhibit anti-obesity effects through diverse mechanisms. Conclusion: This review underscores that TIM offers a broad spectrum of medicinal plants effective for weight reduction and obesity management. Proposed mechanisms include increased basal metabolism, inhibition of fat absorption, and improved gastrointestinal function. Nonetheless, definitive evidence regarding efficacy and safety requires well-designed, large-scale clinical trials  },  
Keywords = {,Obesity,abdominal fat,medicinal plants,treatment,traditional medicine,Iran},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {82-93}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pashapour, Pouneh},  
title = {Probiotics and Its Application in Obesity as  the Most Important Cardiovascular Risk: A Review}, 
abstract ={Objective: Obesity is one of the most important public health problems in the world which is associated with increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Increasing scientific evidence shows that imbalance of intestinal parasites plays a key role in regulating the metabolism of energy, fat storage and obesity and probiotics can be effective in improving these disorders. Methods: In this review, the articles published in reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus and web of science were reviewed. selected studies were analyzed based on the effects of probiotics on anthropometric indices, lipid and glucose metabolism and intestinal microbiota. Results: The results of the study showed that some probiotic strains such as lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium able to decrease body weight, body mass index and fat mass by regulating energy metabolism, reducing inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity. Also, probiotics consumption was associated with improvement of lipid profiles and metabolic indices. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, probiotics can be considered as a safe and promising complementary approach in management and treatment of obesity. however, more trials are needed to determine effective strains, appropriate dosage, and optimal duration of consumption.  },  
Keywords = {Obesity, Intestine metabolism, Energy metabolism, Body mass index},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {82-93}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-402-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-402-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kamkari, Sima and SadatNajib, Fateme},  
title = {Abortifacient Medicinal Plants: A Review of Toxic Herbs During Pregnancy}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Miscarriage remains a major challenge in women’s reproductive health. Traditional Iranian medicine has long recognized certain medicinal plants with toxic effects during pregnancy, offering natural approaches both to induce and to prevent conception. This study aims to identify and examine abortifacient plants as documented in classical Iranian medical sources. Methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review of traditional medical literature. Medicinal plants associated with the induction of miscarriage were collected and analyzed using authoritative references from traditional medicine, herbal texts, and online databases. Results: Traditional Iranian sources indicate that plants such as Cinnamomum verum L., Petroselinum crispum L., Sesamum indicum L., Crocus sativus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Ananas comosus L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Ferula assa-foetida L., Drimys winteri J.R. et G. Forster, Berberis vulgaris L., Angelica archangelica L., Anethum graveolens L., Apium graveolens L., Viola odorata L., Althaea officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Aloe barbadensis Mill., Lawsonia inermis L., Equisetum arvense L., Syzygium aromaticum L., Citrullus colocynthis L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Saccharum officinarum L., Glycine max (L.) Merr. may possess abortifacient properties. Leaves (28%) and seeds (23%) represented the most frequently utilized plant parts exhibiting abortifacient activity. Moreover, the majority of abortifacient medicinal plants were classified within the Apiaceae and Lamiaceae families. Conclusion: Certain medicinal plants exhibit abortifacient effects, making their inadvertent use during pregnancy potentially hazardous. Awareness of these plants and careful study of their properties can serve as a crucial guide for safeguarding maternal and fetal health and can lay the groundwork for future scientific investigations into their efficacy and mechanisms of action.  },  
Keywords = {,Fetus,Toxicity,Miscarriage,Pregnancy,Traditional Medicine,Iran},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {94-104}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-378-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Neisari, Roghaiyeh and Abdi, Farnoush},  
title = {Herbal Dental Anesthetics: An Ethnobotanical Review}, 
abstract ={Objective: Toothache is among the most common health issues worldwide, arising from causes such as dental caries, gingival inflammation, or other pathological conditions. Medicinal plants have long been used as analgesics or local anesthetics for dental pain in traditional medicine and ethnobotanical knowledge across cultures, including Iran. This study reviews ethnobotanical evidence in Iran regarding plants with dental anesthetic and analgesic properties, highlighting key species and exploring potential mechanisms of action. The goal is to integrate traditional and scientific knowledge to identify plants suitable for development into natural dental anesthetic products. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted using reputable scientific sources. Systematic searches were performed in Persian and English across databases including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus using the keywords “toothache,” “dental anesthesia,” “medicinal plants,” and “ethnobotany.” Inclusion criteria focused on plants explicitly cited in Iranian ethnobotanical sources for dental analgesic or anesthetic properties. Results: Numerous plants were identified, including Syzygium aromaticum, Pistacia khinjuk, Cichorium intybus, Thymus vulgaris, Centaurea cyanus, Amygdalus scoparia, Eucalyptus spp., Scutellaria multicaulis, Biebersteinia multifida, Verbascum thapsus, Ruta graveolens, Grammosciadium platycarpum, Mentha pulegium, Echium amoenum, Plantago major, Celtis australis, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Melissa officinalis, Dianthus orientalis, Amygdalus haussknechtii, Isatis raphanifolia, Cannabis sativa, Amygdalus lycioides, Daphne mucronata, Pistacia atlantica, Papaver dubium, Peganum harmala, Papaver somniferum, Mentha aquatica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Viola odorata. The family Caryophyllaceae was the most represented, with five species. Aerial parts were most commonly used, and the provinces of Ilam, Fars, and Lorestan reported the highest number of dental anesthetic plants. Conclusion: The considerable diversity of medicinal plants with dental anesthetic properties in Iranian ethnobotanical sources highlights the potential of indigenous knowledge for natural dental remedy development. However, the paucity of clinical and pharmacological studies on efficacy, safety, and dosing underscores the need for further rigorous research. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern science could facilitate the development of effective, low-side-effect natural alternatives to conventional chemical anesthetics.},  
Keywords = {Dental anesthesia, Medicinal plants, Toothache, Ethnobotany, Pain relief, Herbal anesthetics},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {105-115}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {AlencarMenezes, Irwin and Martinez, Fleming and Bahmani, Mahmou},  
title = {Phytotherapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants Against Hepatitis C: A Review}, 
abstract ={Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health challenge, contributing to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have markedly improved treatment outcomes, their high cost and potential adverse effects limit accessibility, particularly in low-resource settings. Consequently, there is increasing interest in exploring medicinal plants as alternative or complementary therapies for HCV management. Methods: This systematic review analyzed 12 peer-reviewed studies investigating the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants with anti-HCV activity. Extracted data included plant species, bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, and hepatoprotective properties. Results: Several plants demonstrated notable antiviral and hepatoprotective effects, including Citrus aurantium L., Cynara cardunculus L., Acacia nilotica, Marrubium peregrinum L., Camellia sinensis L., Olea europaea, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Maytenus ilicifolia, Lamium album L., Artemisia annua L., and Silybum marianum L. These botanicals exert therapeutic effects through diverse mechanisms, including inhibition of viral entry, suppression of viral replication, modulation of immune responses, antioxidant activity, and hepatocyte protection. Conclusion: Medicinal plants exhibit promising anti-HCV and hepatoprotective activities, indicating their potential as affordable and well-tolerated therapeutic options. Nevertheless, further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are required to validate efficacy, establish standardized dosages, and assess long-term safety. Integration of phytotherapy with conventional antiviral regimens may enhance treatment outcomes and reduce the global healthcare burden associated with hepatitis C.  },  
Keywords = {Hepatitis C, Medicinal plants, Antiviral, Hepatoprotection, Phytotherapy},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {116-125}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-373-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ahmadi, Hamid and Keshavarz, Azita and Khaksarian, Mojtab},  
title = {Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Management of Anxiety in Iranian Medicine}, 
abstract ={Objective: Anxiety is a prevalent psychological disorder that substantially impairs quality of life. Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) has long utilized medicinal plants as natural, low-side-effect interventions for anxiety management. This study aims to identify TIM-documented plants with anxiolytic properties and to explore their underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across reputable TIM texts, herbal pharmacopoeias, and online scientific databases. Medicinal plants reported to have anxiolytic effects were identified, and their mechanisms of action were analyzed. Results: Identified plants include Melissa officinalis L., Valeriana officinalis L., Borago officinalis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Crocus sativus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Passiflora incarnata L., Origanum majorana L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Rosmarinus officinalis L., Hypericum perforatum L., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Rosa damascena Mill., Berberis vulgaris L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Anethum graveolens L., Alcea rosea L., Valeriana montana Scop., Salix alba L., Rosa spp., Boswellia serrata Roxb., and Cichorium intybus L. These plants exert anxiolytic effects via neurotransmitter modulation, hormonal regulation, antioxidant activity, and sleep enhancement. Conclusion: TIM-based medicinal plants represent promising, safe, and complementary strategies for anxiety management. Nonetheless, establishing standardized dosages, ensuring formulation quality, and conducting rigorous clinical trials are crucial to validate efficacy and achieve reproducible therapeutic outcomes  },  
Keywords = {,Anxiety,Medicinal Plants,Traditional Iranian Medicine,Sedative,Natural Therapy},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {143-153}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hosseiniazar, Mohammadreza Mohammad and Hashemi, As},  
title = {Herbal Remedies for Bloating Based on Iranian Traditional Medicine: A Review}, 
abstract ={Objective: This study aims to identify the key medicinal plants used in the treatment of bloating in Iranian traditional medicine and to compare traditional knowledge with findings from contemporary research studies. Methods: This research was conducted as a document review. The sources included authoritative texts on Iranian traditional medicine, reference books on herbal medicine, and online scientific databases. After gathering the relevant data, the therapeutic properties of the plants reported in traditional texts were compared with the findings from recent preclinical studies and experimental research. Results: Based on the reviewed sources, plants commonly used in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of bloating include Matricaria chamomilla, Cinnamomum verum, Zingiber officinale, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha piperita, Elettaria cardamomum, Cuminum cyminum, Nigella sativa, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Camellia sinensis, Valeriana officinalis, Curcuma longa, Pimpinella anisum, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Melissa officinalis, Citrus limon, Trachyspermum copticum, Taraxacum officinale, Coriandrum sativum, Artemisia absinthium, Angelica sinensis, Anethum graveolens, Rosa damascena, Nigella sativa, Cichorium intybus, Ocimum basilicum. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that the medicinal plants identified in Iranian traditional medicine may serve as natural or complementary options for the treatment and alleviation of bloating.  },  
Keywords = {,Digestion,intestines,bloating,Iranian traditional medicine,medicinal plants,herbal remedies},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {154-160}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Asghari, Rahim},  
title = {Phytotherapy in Breast Cancer: An Overview}, 
abstract ={Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide, typically presenting as a palpable mass or structural changes in breast tissue. Its development is influenced by multiple factors, including genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and environmental exposures. Early detection and effective treatment are critical for improving survival and quality of life. This review aims to identify and examine the key medicinal plants cited in Iranian traditional medicine for breast cancer, with a focus on their potential mechanisms in prevention and therapy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords such as “medicinal plants,” “traditional medicine,” “breast cancer,” and “Iran” across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Authoritative texts and specialized encyclopedias were also consulted. Results: The review identified a wide range of plants with therapeutic potential, including thyme, rosemary, pennyroyal, ginger, fennel, garlic, grape, artemisia, purslane, chamomile, pinto bean, tomato, chickpea, onion, wheat, pomegranate, red apple, cherry, turmeric, flaxseed, borage, olive, yarrow, sweet violet, celery, chasteberry, licorice, turnip, oat, aloe vera, calendula, green tea, carrot, and red pepper. These plants exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, such as inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, suppressing angiogenesis, and modulating inflammatory responses. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that medicinal plants traditionally used in Iranian medicine, owing to their rich bioactive compound content, hold promise as complementary strategies for breast cancer prevention and management. Further clinical and experimental studies are necessary to support the development of safer and more effective therapeutic options.},  
Keywords = {Women, Breast Cancer, Medicinal Plants, Iranian Traditional Medicine, Iran},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {161-169}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-300-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-300-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Aghdaki, Maryam and Kamkari, Sim},  
title = {Application of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: A Review of Emerging Strategies for Targeted Therapy}, 
abstract ={Objective: Ovarian cancer remains highly lethal, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and the limitations of conventional therapies, which are often associated with systemic toxicity and limited tumor specificity. Nanoparticles, owing to their nanoscale dimensions, high surface-to-volume ratio, and capacity for surface functionalization, offer improved drug delivery and precise tumor targeting. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the principal types of nanoparticles employed in ovarian cancer therapy, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes findings from experimental and preclinical studies investigating nanoparticle-based interventions in ovarian cancer. Relevant publications were identified through systematic searches of established scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies focusing on nanoparticle design, targeting strategies, drug-loading efficiency, and therapeutic outcomes were critically evaluated and analyzed. Results: A diverse range of nanostructures has been investigated for the treatment of ovarian cancer. These include magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄@BaTiO₃ nanoparticles; poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoplatforms co-delivering cisplatin and HER2-targeted antibodies; biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin; polymer-based immunotargeted nanoparticles (NPs–Tx–HER); mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs); poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles encapsulating paclitaxel; PARP1-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanocarriers; folate-conjugated lipid nanoparticles; cathepsin B–responsive doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles; and PTP@SR-717 nanocomplexes. Across in vitro and in vivo models, these nanosystems have demonstrated enhanced tumor-specific accumulation, improved intracellular drug delivery, reduced systemic toxicity, and potentiation of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic efficacy. Conclusion: Nanoparticle-based therapies represent a significant advancement in ovarian cancer treatment, enabling precise tumor targeting and controlled drug release. This approach minimizes the systemic toxicity commonly associated with conventional chemotherapy while enhancing anticancer efficacy. When integrated with cytotoxic agents, gene-silencing molecules, or monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticle platforms facilitate the development of personalized and more effective therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, these innovations hold considerable potential to improve clinical outcomes and enhance patients’ quality of life.},  
Keywords = {},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {170-184}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gharibi, Amirabbas and Niazvand, Firoozeh and Teimouri, Mahtab and Aidy, Ali},  
title = {Evaluation the Effects of Medicinal Plants in the Zagros Mountains on the Reproductive System: A Systematic Review}, 
abstract ={Objective: Infertility is a global challenge for couples and may arise from various factors. Studies have highlighted a link between oxidative stress and infertility, emphasizing the role of antioxidants in mitigating reproductive damage. Certain medicinal plants with antioxidant properties have traditionally been used for this purpose. This review focuses on the effects of Pistacia atlantica, Capparis spinosa, Matricaria chamomilla L., and Ferulago angulata, commonly found in Iran’s Zagros Mountains, on the reproductive system. This study systematically reviewed research on the effects of Zagros-native plant species on infertility, analyzing findings from multiple scientific databases using qualitative methods. Methods: Indexed searches were conducted in Persian and English using the terms ((“Fertility” OR “Reproductive System” OR “Testis” OR “Oocyte” OR “Sexual hormone” OR “LH” OR “FSH” OR “Testosterone” OR “Semen”) AND (“Zagros Mountains” OR “Pistacia atlantica” OR “Baneh” OR “Matricaria chamomilla” OR “Chamomile” OR “Capparis spinosa” OR “Caper” OR “Legji” OR “Ferulago angulata” OR “Chavir”)) from 2000 to 29 December 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran. Out of 342 initially screened articles, 51 were relevant, and 17 fully matched the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. Results: Most studies reviewed indicate positive effects of these plants on infertility-related parameters. However, a limited number of reports describe adverse effects at certain dosages. Conclusion: Various extracts of these medicinal plants can enhance fertility by promoting healthy gamete production. Careful removal of unnecessary or toxic compounds, adherence to proper extraction methods, and appropriate dosing are essential to minimize potential side effects  },  
Keywords = {,Pistacia atlantica,Capparis Spinosa L,Matricaria Chamomilla,Ferulago Angulata,Antioxidant,Infertility},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {185-198}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-327-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Aghdaki, Maryam and Kamkari, Sim},  
title = {Probiotics as a Therapeutic Strategy in Ovarian Cancer: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Evidence}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Ovarian cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women, and current treatment strategies often have significant limitations. In recent years, probiotics have emerged as a promising adjunctive therapy alongside standard treatments. By modulating the immune system, influencing gut microbiota, and reducing inflammation, probiotics have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the therapeutic role of probiotics in ovarian cancer management. Methods: A literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Science to identify studies evaluating the effects of probiotics on ovarian cancer. Evidence from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies was collected and analyzed, with a focus on probiotic effects on tumor growth, progression, and therapeutic response. Results: Current evidence suggests that probiotics may confer multifaceted benefits in ovarian cancer management. Strains such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus (including LGG), Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus plantarum have demonstrated the ability to inhibit tumor-associated signaling pathways, reduce cancer cell migration and invasion, and enhance immune responses. Additionally, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium animalis have been associated with decreased drug resistance, modulation of inflammatory responses, and restoration of gut microbiota composition. Furthermore, bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Limosilactobacillus reuteri have shown promising effects by enhancing antitumor immunity and improving the efficacy of complementary therapies. Collectively, these findings indicate that probiotics may serve as valuable adjuncts to conventional ovarian cancer treatments, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes and mitigating adverse effects. Nonetheless, further large-scale clinical trials are warranted. Conclusion: Based on preclinical and limited clinical evidence, probiotics may serve as a safe complementary approach in ovarian cancer therapy; however, their therapeutic efficacy remains inconclusive. Consequently, they should be regarded as an adjunctive strategy rather than a standalone treatment.},  
Keywords = {Probiotics,Ovarian cancer,Therapy,Microbiome,Adjunctive treatment},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {199-210}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-392-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-392-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zahed, Afshin and TeymouriAzargholenji, Zahra and Abbasian, Mohammad Ali},  
title = {Probiotic Therapy in Burn Wound Healing: A Concise Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence}, 
abstract ={Objective: Burns are among the most common forms of skin injury and are frequently associated with high rates of complications, infections, and delayed wound healing. Key factors that impede recovery include disruption of the skin barrier, microbial imbalance (dysbiosis), persistent inflammation, and elevated oxidative stress. In recent years, probiotic therapy has emerged as a novel and complementary strategy to enhance wound repair, primarily through modulation of immune responses and the microbiota of both the skin and gut. Methods: This concise review systematically examined peer-reviewed literature indexed in reputable databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Preclinical studies, encompassing cellular and animal models, as well as clinical trials investigating the effects of probiotics on burn wound healing, were analyzed. The review focused on publications from 2010 to 2025, with emphasis on probiotic strains, routes of administration, and wound healing outcomes. Results: Probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus plantarum, have demonstrated notable efficacy in burn wound repair by inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms, reducing inflammation, and accelerating epithelialization, even under infected or diabetic conditions. Other Lactobacillus strains, including L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, and L. casei, facilitate faster wound recovery by enhancing fibroblast activity and shortening the inflammatory phase. In contrast, Bifidobacterium species primarily support burn patients by strengthening mucosal immunity and mitigating systemic infections. Overall, both topical and oral probiotic interventions appear to be safe and effective adjunctive strategies, exerting their effects through modulation of the microbiome and control of inflammation. Conclusion: Current preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that probiotic therapy can serve as a safe and effective approach to accelerate burn wound healing via modulation of the microbiome and inflammatory responses. Nonetheless, well-designed randomized clinical trials are required to determine the optimal strains, dosages, and routes of administration for maximum therapeutic benefit.  },  
Keywords = {Probiotic therapy, Burn wounds, Wound healing, Microbiota, Inflammation, Treatment},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {211-221}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-403-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-403-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kamkari, Sima and Aghdaki, Maryam},  
title = {Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids: Evidence from Animal and Human Cell Studies}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Uterine fibroids are the most prevalent benign tumors among premenopausal women, often presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding, anemia, pelvic pain, and infertility. Conventional treatments, including surgical interventions and systemic pharmacotherapy, are frequently limited by adverse effects and incomplete efficacy. Recent studies have emphasized the potential of nanoparticles as targeted drug delivery systems, offering enhanced drug stability and bioavailability, reduced dosages, and improved therapeutic outcomes. This review aims to examine the primary types of nanoparticles utilized in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies published between 2010 and 2025 that investigated the use of nanoparticles in uterine fibroid therapy. Keywords included “uterine fibroid,” “nanoparticles,” “therapy,” and related combinations. Both animal models and human cell studies were considered, with extracted data encompassing nanoparticle type, experimental model, dosage, therapeutic outcomes, and safety profiles, summarized in a comprehensive table. Review articles and preclinical studies lacking sufficient data were excluded. Results: The analysis revealed that metallic and polymeric nanoparticles effectively reduced fibroid growth, suppressed Ki67 expression, and promoted apoptosis while enabling controlled drug release. Magnetic and peptide-based nanoparticles improved the efficiency of HSV-TK suicide gene delivery and selectively inhibited fibroid cell proliferation. Liposomal and electrospun nanoparticles enhanced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, modulating proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways in a concentration- and drug-dependent manner. Conclusion: Nanoparticles represent a promising, minimally invasive approach for uterine fibroid management. Various nanoparticle classes—including metallic, polymeric, magnetic, peptide-based, and liposomal systems have demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in both animal models and human cell studies. However, clinical research remains limited, and long-term safety assessments are essential. Future studies should focus on pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing, and potential adverse effects in humans to facilitate the translation of these technologies into clinical practice.  },  
Keywords = {Uterine fibroids, Nanoparticles, Drug delivery systems, Gene therapy, Apoptosis, Targeted therapy},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {222-232}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zaminy, Arash and Balani, Mehrnaz and Abbaszadeh, Saber and Eslami, Bahar and KhosravaniHasanKiadeh, Mahoor and Pourzardosht, Navi},  
title = {Probiotic Therapy in Wound Healing: A Review of Key Evidence on Probiotic-Based Wound Repair}, 
abstract ={Objective: Wound healing is a complex, dynamic, and multi-phase biological process comprising hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. This process is influenced by multiple factors, including immune status, nutritional condition, and host microbiome balance. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the role of the microbiome particularly probiotics in enhancing wound repair. These beneficial microorganisms may accelerate healing by modulating inflammatory responses and promoting tissue regeneration. This review aims to critically examine the most relevant scientific evidence regarding the role of probiotics in wound healing and to identify effective strains involved in reducing inflammation, enhancing collagen synthesis, and accelerating tissue regeneration. Methods: In this narrative review, relevant studies were retrieved from major scientific databases using the keywords “probiotics,” “wound healing,” and “tissue regeneration.” The collected literature was analyzed and categorized based on probiotic strains, mechanisms of action, and reported clinical outcomes. A descriptive and analytical synthesis was then performed. Results: Available evidence indicates that several Lactobacillus species particularly Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. reuteri, L. plantarum, and L. casei demonstrate significant potential in accelerating wound healing through anti-inflammatory effects and enhanced collagen synthesis. In addition, Bifidobacterium lactis and B. breve have shown beneficial roles in epithelialization and tissue regeneration. Among yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. boulardii are associated with reduced inflammation and improved structural integrity of repaired tissue. Furthermore, multi-strain probiotic formulations appear to be more effective than single-strain preparations in controlling infection and improving clinical outcomes. Overall, the primary mechanisms involve modulation of the microbiome, inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, and activation of tissue repair signaling pathways. Conclusion: Probiotics represent a promising therapeutic strategy in wound management. Current evidence suggests that these microorganisms can support wound healing through restoration of microbial balance, reduction of inflammation, and stimulation of tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, further large-scale clinical trials are required to determine optimal dosing, strain specificity, and long-term safety profiles.  },  
Keywords = {Probiotics,wound healing,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,microbiome},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {233-248}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-408-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-408-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {SeyedAshrafi, Mirmahdi},  
title = {Herbal Flora of Iran’s Against Gum Bleeding: A Review of the Mechanisms of Action of Medicinal Plants}, 
abstract ={Objective: Gums play a pivotal role in maintaining oral health by acting as a protective barrier against infection, bleeding, inflammation, and dental erosion. Although proper oral hygiene is the most effective strategy for preserving gum health, various factors can compromise it, leading to disease and bleeding. In addition to oral hygiene practices, certain foods and medicinal plants have been traditionally used to strengthen the gums. This study aims to identify medicinal plants native to Iran that have been traditionally employed to manage gum bleeding. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using keywords such as “medicinal plants,” “gum bleeding,” “traditional medicine,” and “Iran.” Relevant sources were retrieved from databases including Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus, as well as from books on traditional medicine and specialized websites. Results: The most frequently cited medicinal plants reported to have beneficial effects on gum bleeding include Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f., Aloe barbadensis Mill., Punica granatum L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Mentha  piperita L., Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, Olea europaea L., Sesamum indicum L., Malus domestica Borkh., Daucus carota L., Cucumis sativus L., Citrus paradisi Macfad., Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Thymus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Curcuma longa L., Borago officinalis L., Rosa spp. L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Cocos nucifera L., Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Urtica dioica L., Portulaca oleracea L., Salvia officinalis L.. Conclusion: Medicinal plants from Iran’s natural environment represent effective and natural options for managing gum bleeding. Through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, these plants can accelerate the healing of gum tissue, enhance immune function, and improve overall oral health, thereby reducing the risk of recurrent infections and inflammation.  },  
Keywords = {,Oral cavity,gums,bleeding,medicinal plants,traditional therapy,Iran},
volume = {8},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {249-256}, 
publisher = {},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-395-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-395-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2026}  
}