@article{ 
author = {Karami, Nima and Karimi, Mohammad and Bahmani, Mahmou},  
title = {Constipation: An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants used for constipation in Shahrekord city, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province, Iran}, 
abstract ={Constipation is a common gastrointestinal problem in society, both in children and in adults, which imposes stupendous costs on society. For centuries, people have used medicinal plants, herbal teas, and teas to relieve digestive problems, including to stimulate the digestive system and reduce constipation. Therefore, in this study we sought to investigate the indigenous and ethnobotanical knowledge regarding constipation in children and infants in Shahrekord. The present ethnobotanical study was carried out through a questionnaire in Shahrekord. This study was conducted from April 2017 to February 2018 through face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire among 29 traditional therapists. The results of this study showed that medicinal plants such as Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantle., Rumex pulcher L., Alyssum spp.Stead. Ex Boiss., Prunus amygdalus L., Astragalus adscendens Bioss. & Hausskn, Echinops persicus Stev. & Fisch., Plantago major L., Rheum ribes L., Stachys lavandulifolia, Plantago major, Alcea spp., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Peganum harmala L., Pistachia atlanta Desf. and Prangos ferulacea L. are traditionally used to treat constipation in children and infants  },  
Keywords = {,Gastrointestinal diseases,Constipation,Iran},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-7}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.1},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-42-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-42-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mahmoud, Bahmani and Hadavi, Marzieh and Abbasi, Naser},  
title = {Study of extraction and chemical compounds of Scrophularia striata Boiss. and Scrophularia deserti Delile using HS-SPME and GC-MS}, 
abstract ={In this study, from June 2019 to May 2019 aerial parts of Scrophularia striata Boiss. were collected from Ilam city and those of Scrophularia deserti Delile from Dehloran city, Ilam province in western Iran. The aerial parts of the medicinal plants were pulverized. The essential and volatile oils were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and their chemical compounds analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using HS-SPME, 68 and 49 chemical compounds were identified from S. striata and S. deserti, respectively. Spathulenol (18.41%) was the highest chemical compound of the essential oil of S. striata, followed by caryophyllene oxide (15.38%), linalool (11.85%), alpha-terpineol (8.34%), trans-caryophyllene (4.44%) and geraniol (3.10%). The most important identified compounds from S. deserti were caryophyllene oxide (15.38%), linalool (11.85%), alpha-terpineol (8.34%), trans-caryophyllene (4.44%) and geraniol (3.10%). The most important chemical compounds of S. deserti essential oil included alpha-pinene (25.54%), alpha-phellandrene (19.60%), beta-myrcene (11.29%) and trans-caryophyllene (6.78%). Results show major constituents of this two plant include with a high amount of Spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide has high pharmaceutical and healthful value.},  
Keywords = {Scrophularia striata Boiss., Scrophularia deserti Delile, Essential oil, HS-SPME, GC-MS},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {8-13}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.8},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sadighara, Paris},  
title = {A new ferric iron reducing assay for evaluation total antioxidant activity of food and biological samples}, 
abstract ={Various methods have been developed in recent years to evaluate the total antioxidant activity of food and biological samples. In this study, a new ferric iron reducing assay was applied for measuring total antioxidants. This method is based on the oxidation on the reducing the iron III to iron II. The extraction was incubated with Fecl3 and KSCN. Ferric thiocyanate complex is formed in an acid solution. This complex is measured at 474 nm. A lower absorbance indicates increased reducing power.},  
Keywords = {Antioxidant activity, Food and biological samples, Oxidative stress},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {14-15}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.14},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-44-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-44-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MerbiekSabzevari, Zohreh and Goodarzi, Gholamreza and Zinatifar, Saba and Anbari, Khatereh and Hassani, Maryam and Shakib, Pegah},  
title = {Prevalence of Ethiological Factors and Bacterial Sensitivity pattern of Urinary Infection in First and Secondary Graduate Students in Khorramabad City, Iran}, 
abstract ={Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood that delayed diagnosis and treatment can cause irreversible complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection in elementary school children in Khorramabad city, Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 460 female students of elementary and secondary schools of Khorramabad city were recruited after completing a questionnaire including symptoms of infection, medical and disease history, and urine culture. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by disk diffusion method accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. Statistical analysis were performed by SPSS software. Of 460 students, based on urine culture results 12 (2.6%) had urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in 5 patients (1.1%) and positive culture and clinical symptoms were reported in 7 cases (1.5%). Escherichia coli (83.3%) was reported as the main cause of UTI among the tested samples. The highest antibiotic susceptibility was related to imipenem (91.6%) and ceftazidime (83.3%). The prevalence of UTI, pathogenic microbial agents and sensitivity to antibiotics in different regions and periods has a significant difference, which can be due to different health levels, constant change in incidence of germs that cause UTI and various antibiotics resistance. Because almost half of the cases of urinary tract infection are asymptomatic, screening for primary school children is necessary.},  
Keywords = {Prevalence, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Disk diffusion method, Antibiotic sensitivity, Escherichia coli},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {16-20}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.16},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-43-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-43-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gholami-Ahangaran, Majid and Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, Asiye and Karimi-Dehkordi, Maryam},  
title = {Thymol and carvacrol; as antibiotic alternative in green healthy poultry production}, 
abstract ={Thymol and carvacrol as a natural essential oils and phenol compounds, are a component derived from some medicinal plants, such as thyme and oregano species. These compounds have been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-infalmmatory, modulating of immunity respond and anticarcinogenic properties. One of main effects of these compounds that make them as valuable material in poultry medicine is antibacterial effect. The increasing consumption of organic and healthy meat and eggs in human society has made it increasingly necessary to use compounds that are completely natural and do not cause problems for human health. Since antibiotics are chemical compounds that can remain in meat and eggs and cause antibiotic resistance, allergies, mutations and even poisoning in humans. Therefore, utilization of compounds that are natural antibiotics can be easily fed with a higher safety in healthy poultry production. In this regard, the role of thymol and carvacrol as natural antibiotics in the poultry production has been discussed in a recent review.},  
Keywords = {Antibacterial,Carvacrol,Thymol,Poultry.},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {22-25}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.22},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khadem, Erfan and Nafari, Amir Hossein and Safarzadeh, Ali and FalavandJozaei, Reza and Almasian, Mohammad and Elyasi, Hossei},  
title = {The role of bacteria in the treatment of cancer: A comprehensive review}, 
abstract ={Cancer is an important public health issue worldwide and is the main cause of death in the developed countries and the second cause of death in the developing countries. There are several treatments for cancer such as photodynamic therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Current cancer treatments have various side effects, including the gradual resistance of cancer cells to treatment. The era of targeted cancer therapy has brought about new clinical approaches such as antibodies, small molecules, antiangiogenics, and antivirals. Yet even these strategies remain limited in their ability to accumulate in tumors and tumor penetration, which are the main obstacles in the treatment of cancer. Historic efforts to harness living organisms to fight cancer have recently been revived in the field of synthetic biology. Certain circulating bacteria can intrinsically home in on tumors, and can be engineered to controllably induce local cytotoxicity while remaining unobtrusive to the host system. Due to the ineffectiveness of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy in advanced tumor stages, resistance to treatment and non-specificity of these treatments, with the advancement of studies in this field, it is hoped that bacterial therapy will add a new dimension to cancer treatment.},  
Keywords = {Cancer, Bacterial therapy, Toxin, Gene vector, Hypoxia},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {26-34}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.26},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-47-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Elyasi, Hossein and Rahimi, Hadis and Sepahvend, Asghar},  
title = {Gelatin: advantages and disadvantages of gelatin from plant and animal sources}, 
abstract ={Gelatin is a solid and transparent material that has wide application in various industries, especially for the production of food and pharmaceutical. This material is mainly made from meat, skin and bones of pigs and cows around the world. The industrial process of gelatin production is a long and costly process. It seems; these sources of gelatin production may be harmful to health. Therefore, this study was aimed at reviewing the alternative sources of gelatin production and the disadvantages and benefits of each of them. Relevant articles were searched from Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Science direct, and Cochrane library. According to the results of this article, gelatin with a source of animal can have many harmful effects on human health. While it is possible to produce good and useful gelatin using plant sources. Nowadays, from materials such as agar, pectin, carrageenan and konjac that are mentioned above, and as well as other materials, very good gelatins are prepared. And further researches are needed to find the rich sources of good gelatins or to find plants that have appropriate gelatin. In total, in gelatin, there are 18 types of amino acids, and of 10 amino acids needed for the body, 9 are in gelatin. In total, gelatin is introduced safe by the FDA. Note: This article has been revised and rewritten due to the request of the corresponding author from the journal "Plant Biotechnology Persa" due to the use of unreferenced contents. In October 2023, the journal " Plant Biotechnology Persa " accepted the revised version of article following the COPE rules. Formerly title of paper: Gelatin, halal or haram?.  },  
Keywords = {Gelatin, Medicine,
Medicinal herbs,
Traditional medicine},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {35-41}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.35},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abassi, Naser and Ghaneialvar, Hori and Shahsavari, Somayeh},  
title = {Natural remedies effective on stomachache in traditional medicine}, 
abstract ={Stomach ache is one of the most chronic and debilitating abdominal pains. Medicinal plants are one of the most accessible sources for treating diseases like gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, we investigate and report the most important medicinal plants recommended by Persian medicine for treating stomach aches and comparing them with their proven effects in modern medicine. Methods: Gastric pain was probed in Persian medicine reliable textbooks such as Cannon of Medicine (Ibn Sina), Tibbe-Akbari (Muhammad Akbar  Arzaani ), The Complete Art of Medicine (Kitāb Kāmil as-Sinā’a at-Ṭibbiyya) (Haly Abbas), Explanation of insults and signs (Kermani) Tohfeh Al-Mo'menin (Seyed Mohammad Momen Tonekaboni), and some notes were taken. Results: The results showed that Panicum miliaceum, Punica granatum, Solanum nigrum, Calicotome spinosa, Tamarindus indica, Cuminum cyminum, Prunus domestica, Matricaria recutita, Viola odorata, Plantago psyllium, Berberis vulgaris, Pyrus  communis, Linum usitatissimum, Vitis vinifera were the most important plant sources used in treating the stomach ache according to Persian medicine. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the useful effects of many recommended plants in Persian medicine are confirmed by recent scientific researches and are reliable.},  
Keywords = {,Pain,Medicinal plants,Gastrointestinal disorders,Persian medicine},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {42-47}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.42},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Elyasi, Hossein and Rahimi, Hadis and Nafari, Amirhossei},  
title = {Effects of Genetically Modified corn on human health}, 
abstract ={Genetic modification is a specific part of gene technology that changes the genetic structure of living organisms, such as animals, plants, or microorganisms. Genetically Modified, is known with such names as Transgenic or Transgenic. In recent years, discussions have arisen about the potential effects of transgenic corn on health There are also discussions about its effect on other insects and other plants due to the gene flow The study was conducted as a systematic double-blind review by searching the Internet at the Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, Highwire, MD Consult and Scopus databases. From the result of this study, we can come to a Conclusion that any transgenic product is not usable and can have many disadvantages, while some of them are completely safe and usable.},  
Keywords = {Genetically Modified corn, genetic modification, recombinant DNA},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {48-54}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.48},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {shakib, pegah and rouhi, samaneh and mrzolfaghary, mohammad rez},  
title = {The role of probiotics in preventing dental caries}, 
abstract ={Tooth decay has occurred due to the numerous microorganisms in the mouth such as Streptococcus and Lactobacilli bacteria that can produce acid. Commercial antiplatelet agents are predominantly antibacterial compounds, but these compounds can disrupt oral bacterial flora and induce and enhance the growth of opportunistic pathogens, including Candida albicans. Nowadays, bacterial therapy is a replacement therapy for microorganisms. One of the methods of bacterial therapy is the use of probiotic bacteria. So far, many studies have been done on the effect of probiotic-containing food products on the microbial factors of tooth decay. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on dental caries. The search queries were from ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, magiran, SID databases. Key words were probiotic, dental caries, bacterial caries, tooth decay, laboratory and clinical studies. Finally, the selected articles were used for the review table. The results of the review of studies showed that probiotic strains are able to control bacterial agents that cause dental caries.  },  
Keywords = {,Oral diseases,Dental,Dental caries,Probiotics},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {55-58}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.55},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Eftekhari, Zohre},  
title = {Antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants; The new therapeutic aspect of Valeriana officinalis}, 
abstract ={The increased use of antibiotics and chemicals with various side effects is now persuading scientists to develop natural substitutes with appropriate effectiveness and protection for humans. The outbreak of the world's emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases has prompted pharmaceutical companies to develop new medicines. Valerian is one of the worldwide recognized medicinal herbs that consume abundantly for the treatment of various human diseases and disorders. The Valerianaceae family contains 10 genera and approximately 300 species 1.  It has widely cultivated for commercial purposes in some regions of Iran, including ornamental, edible, and medical1.  V.officinalis rhizomes contain two major constituent groups, including volatile oil sesquiterpens and valpotriates. Both active components are present in the hypodermis in large thin-cells at the roots, and rhizomes periphery2. Although there are still some disagreements about the relative efficacy of various groups of V.officinalis compounds, it is widely accepted that valerenic acid is the most important biologically active component3,4. Valerenic acid and its derivatives are commonly considered to contribute to valerian extracts ' pharmaceutical effect, characterized and isolated by different analytical methods5. Valerenic acid can be used in different disorders such as depression, chronic anxiety, and sleep disorders on the basis of the previous studies4. Based on previous literature, the valerenic acid component had antimicrobial effects on different microorganisms such as Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and its methanolic extract functions were dose-dependent6,7,8. Since the antimicrobial activity of V. officinalis in the total extract was correlated with abundant monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, more research on various aspects of pharmaceutical effects is suggested.  },  
Keywords = {,Antimicrobial,Valeriana officinalis,New aspect},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {59-60}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.59},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-39-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-39-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karimi, Elahe},  
title = {Alzheimer\'s: Phytotherapy and the most important herbs in the treatment of Alzheimer\'s}, 
abstract ={Alzheimer's disease is a progressive form of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. This disease is associated with profound effects on intelligence, self-care, speech impairment, and dysfunction, motor functional and cognitive impairment. This letter discusses some of the most important herbal plants used for Alzheimer's disease. Herbs such as Petroselinum crispum, Thymus vulgaris, Hypericum perforatum, Matricaria chamomilla, Salvia officinalis, Allium sativum, Ziziphus jujube, Lavandula officinalis, Curcuma longa, Salvia Rosmarinus and Cyperus rotundus are considered to treat Alzheimer's. Medicinal herbs can be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's and they can be produced in the future as effective natural anti-Alzheimer's drugs.  },  
Keywords = {Alzheimer, Disease, Disorder, Medicinal plants},
volume = {2},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {61-62}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.29252/pbp.2.1.61},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {F.Magbool, Fatehalrahman and IbrahimElnima, Elamin and M.E, Shayoub and I.Hamedelniel, Elnazeer and MahmoudGamil, Abdrhman and E.Adam, Mohamed and Osman, Zuheir},  
title = {Formulation design, development and evaluation of Quercun infectoria galls extract oral gels for oral candidiasis}, 
abstract ={The objective of the study is to design, formulate and evaluate an oral gel containing Q. infectoria galls extract for its anti-Candida activity. The gel formulation was designed by using carbapol 940 and xanthan gum as gel forming polymers, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and required amount of distilled water. The pH  was maintained by drop wise addition of Tri-ethanolamine. Eight different gel formulations (F1 to F8) were prepared by dispersion method, using different concentrations of carbopol 940 for carbopol 940-based oral gels (F1and F2), and combined with xanthan gum as secondary gelling polymer for combined polymer-based formulations (F3-F8) have been prepared to study the individual effect of two polymers as well as polymer concentrations, and they were evaluated using official and non-official experiments including organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, extrudability and viscosity, in vitro release and drug content uniformity. The stability study for the developed gel formulation was done as per ICH guidelines and antifungal activity was evaluated by paper disc diffusion method. The overall pharmaceutical acceptability were satisfactory for the developed oral gels regarding chemical and physical investigations. The viscosity of oral gels was significantly (P<0.05) affected by both of polymer concentration and polymer type, also the developed oral gel formulations exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans, it was observed that the biological activity of prepared oral gels significantly (P=0.03) increases with decreasing polymers concentration. The accelerated stability testing indicated that all formulations showed a good stability, thus providing a safe and stable gel delivery system. The pharmaceutical evaluations and in vitro results showed that oral gel formulations can be a potential candidate for the delivery of Q. infectoria galls ethanolic extract to the oral cavity, with better in vitro characteristics, physicochemical properties and pharmacological activity, using carbopol 940 alone and in combination with xanthan gum as drug carriers.},  
Keywords = {Q. infectoria galls , anti-Candida activity , Oral gel , Physicochemical properties , Carbopol 940 , Xanthan gum.},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {1-13}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.52547/pbp.2.2.1},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {A.M, Oloyede and B, Ottu and K, Ogunsanwo and K, Bolarinwa and K, Makinde},  
title = {Evaluating the Genotoxic and Proximate Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides}, 
abstract ={Lecaniodiscus cupanioides has been playing vital roles in traditional therapies in Nigeria towards management of several ailments. In the quest to investigating its genotoxicity, 30 mice weighing between 20 – 25g were placed in three groups of 10 mice each. Groups A and  B, orally administered 100 and  400 mg kg-1 of the extract respectively for 49 days,  group C received distilled water as control. At expiration of treatment the mice were sacrificed via jugular puncture. Femurs were removed to extract the bone marrow for genotoxic assay. Heavy metal and proximate analysis was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Bone marrow analysis revealed dose-related increase in the number of MN PCEs in treatments compared to control. A significant decrease in the number of Bud PCE was observed between treatment and control. Insignificant dose-dependent increase in MN NCE and significant dose related increase was observed in 100 mg kg-1 treatment, also extract did not affect PCE /PCE +NCE ratio.  In the proximate analysis, carbohydrate was highest, followed by crude fiber, protein and ash respectively. From heavy metals evaluation, Zn was the highest, all metals observed were within permissible level. The insignificant result of PCE/PCE+NCE or MNE PCEs against control may infer that the extract is not aneugenic, clastogenic, cytotoxic or genotoxic to the bone marrow. Availability of Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cd at permissible level suggest the plant possess some health potentials. The extract can be affirmed to be devoid of genotoxicity within period, doses and battery of exposure.},  
Keywords = {Genotoxicity, proximate analysis, heavy metals, L. cupanioides},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {14-20}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.52547/pbp.2.2.14},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Farhad, Negin and Shahsavari, Somayeh},  
title = {Probiotics and their effects in reduction hyperlipidemia}, 
abstract ={Hyperlipidemia is a chronic condition but in many cases it may be reversed by a healthy diet and regular exercise. It is also associated to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. Hyperlipidemia is known as one of the risk factors for coronary vessels disease, peripheral artery disease, and cardiac arrest. Drug-therapy is a usual method for treating hyperlipidemia. Consumption of probiotics may improve this problem and reduce the course of disease as well as its signs. The purpose of this review is to assess clinical evidences associating to role and effects of probiotics on the hl. Probiotics have greater influence on persons who suffer from high cholesterol. In the intestine, probiotics can bind to cholesterol and prevent its ingestion. Furthermore, they help in production of some biliary acids which play role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Some probiotics can produce short chain fatty acids that prevent formation of cholesterol in the liver. Probiotics are effective factors in reduction of hl.},  
Keywords = {Hyperlipidemia, Probiotics, Drug-therapy},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {21-23}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.52547/pbp.2.2.21},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {pirhadi, mohadeseh and Ahmadi, Mehdi and JahedKhaniki1, Gholamreza and Mirzaei, Morteza and Mahmoudi, Babak and Sadighara, Paris},  
title = {Investigation of the amount of Aluminum after milling in Iranian flours}, 
abstract ={Introduction Wheat is one of the most widely consumed cereals in the world, especially in Asian countries. There is always a possibility to have carcinogenic toxic agents during the bread preparation process. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the milling process on aluminum contamination levels in produced flours in Alborz province. Materials and methods After preparing 60 samples of wheat, Sangak flour, Lavash or Taftoon flour from flour milling factories in Alborz province, the concentration of aluminum was quantified by ICP-OES. Data analysis was performed using Prism and SPSS software. Findings The milling machine affected the amount of aluminum level in the samples in the present study. The contamination level of aluminum has increased after the milling process. The highest average concentration of aluminum was 1.959 ± 0.560 mg/kg. Conclusion Bread is considered the main food source for the Iranian people. To preserve food security and decreasing the food contamination, Continuous monitoring and Enforce strict regulation is essential to maintain the quality of wheat and flour in the market. In the present study, the average concentration of aluminum in wheat and flour samples of Alborz province was in agreement with the standard set by the EU, Codex, and Iran.},  
Keywords = {,Wheat,bakery flour,aluminum metal,ICP machine,Alborz},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {24-27}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.52547/pbp.2.2.24},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-59-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shahkib, Pegah and Bahmani, Mahmoud and Parsaee, Pouy},  
title = {Drug Interaction of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. with Chemical Drugs: A mini Review Article}, 
abstract ={Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a valuable medicinal and nutritional plant of the Fabaceae family. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat duodenal ulcers, coughs, sore throats, inflammation, bloating, strong laxatives and antidotes, hot flashes, relieves thirst, relieves skin discomfort, and anti-allergies. The most important active ingredient in this plant is glycyrrhizic acid. G. glabra L. is a widely used plant in Iran and medicinal products have been produced from it in Iran. Interactions between herbal and chemical drugs are also common. In this review study, drug interactions between G. glabra L. and chemical corticosteroid drugs were investigated and reported. G. glabra L.  can interact with a variety of chemical drugs, so concomitant use of G. glabra L. with other drugs requires caution.},  
Keywords = {Medicinal plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Drug interaction},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {28-30}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.52547/pbp.2.2.28},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Eftekhari, Zohre},  
title = {Garlic: A brief overview of its interaction with chemical drugs}, 
abstract ={Allium Sativum L. is a plant with different nutritional and medicinal principles. Despite the valuable medicinal effects that have been reported for the garlic plant, but drug interactions with chemical drugs have been reported. Garlic interacts with antihypertensive drugs, Saquinavir, hypoglycemics, general anesthetics, and anticoagulants, so associated use of garlic with mentioned chemical drugs should be used with caution to prevent drug interactions and side effects.},  
Keywords = {Garlic, Amaryllidaceae, Drug interactions, Chemical drugs},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {31-32}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.52547/pbp.2.2.31},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Gholami-Ahangaran, Majid and Ostadpoor, Mehrdad and Heidari, Seyyed Hossei},  
title = {An Overview of Cinnamon Properties Effects on Blood Glucose and Hemoglobin A1C in Diabetic People}, 
abstract ={Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. In 2017, it was expected that 425 million people (20–79 years of age) suffered from DM and the number is expected to rise to 629 million by 2045. for centuries cinnamon has been a culinary spice and folk remedy for various maladies. In traditional medicines, its uses include for relief of gastrointestinal distress, arthritis, high blood pressure, dermatitis, toothache, and colds; for improving menstrual irregularities; and for wound healing. In the current literature, the key words including cinnamon, diabetes, insulin, blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1C from the list of MeSH and other credible scientific websites such as Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar were used to compile the effects of cinnamon on blood glucose level and hemoglobin A1C in diabetes. Studies show cinnamon can reduce serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1C, improving glucose transport, improving anthropometric (Body Mass Index, body fat, and visceral fat), and improving glycemic parameters (FPG, 2hpp, HbA1C, Fasting Insulin, and Insulin Resistance).  From the findings of various studies, it can be concluded that the oral administration of cinnamon extracts has a valuable effect on blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C.},  
Keywords = {,Diabetes Mellitus,Hemoglobin A1C,Cinnamon,Insulin},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {33-37}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.52547/pbp.2.2.33},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salahvarzi, Sabah and Shakib, Pegah and Pirhadi, Mohadeseh and Alikord, Mahsa and JahedKhaniki, Gholamrez},  
title = {Helicobacter Phytotherapy: Medicinal Plants Affecting Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Iran}, 
abstract ={Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, helical, and microaerophilic bacterium, and its infection affects the health of the community. This bacterium protects itself from stomach acid by having the enzyme urease. Nearly three decades after the discovery of this bacterium, no specific treatment regimen has been proposed that is able to eliminate the infection in all treated patients. Besides, the different treatment regimens with different effects on the pathogen have been proposed. Widespread use of antibiotics in treatment and eradication has led to the growth of antibiotic resistance. In this review study, the most important medicinal plants with inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori were reported. For this review study, keywords such as Helicobacter pylori, bacterial infection, medicinal plants, extract and Iran were used. The databases searched for in those articles were Google Scholar, SID, Scapus, PabMed, Science Direct, and ISI search engines. Plants such as Satureia hortensis L., Salvia officinalis, Mentha Piperita, Ziziphora tenuior, Mentha pulegium, Satureja khuzestanica, Thymus caramanicus, Thymus vulgaris, Zataria multiflora, Ocimum basilicum L, Salvia mirzayanii, Teucus frutus, Majus frutics, Rubus frutics Geum Iranicum, Filipendula ulmaria L, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Citrus sinensis, Argentin anserine, Bunium persicum, Crataegus aronia, Cuminum cyminum L. and etc were assessed. These are the most important medicinal plants affecting Helicobacter pylori in Iran.  },  
Keywords = {,Infectious Diseases,Helicobacter pylori,Medicinal plants,Antibacterial compounds,Iran},
volume = {2},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {38-42}, 
publisher = {},

doi = {10.52547/pbp.2.2.38},
url = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.html},  
eprint = {http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.pdf},  
journal = {Plant Biotechnology Persa},  
issn = {2676-7414}, 
eissn = {2676-7414}, 
year = {2020}  
}