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Neisari R, Abdi F. Herbal Dental Anesthetics: An Ethnobotanical Review. pbp 2025; 7 (In press)
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.html
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.html
1- Department of Anesthesiology, Emam Khomeini Hospital , Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
2- PhD in Biochemistry, Post-doctorate in Food and Diabetes, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada ,f.abdi@mail.utoronto.ca
2- PhD in Biochemistry, Post-doctorate in Food and Diabetes, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada ,
Abstract: (34 Views)
Objective: Toothache is one of the most common health issues worldwide, caused by various factors such as dental caries, gingival inflammation, or other pathological conditions. The use of medicinal plants as dental anesthetics and analgesics has a long-standing tradition in ethnobotanical knowledge and traditional medicine across many cultures, including Iran. This study aims to review the ethnobotanical evidence in Iran regarding medicinal plants with dental anesthetic and analgesic properties. It also introduces key species and explores their potential mechanisms of action. The ultimate goal is to compile and analyze both scientific and traditional evidence to identify plants with the potential for development into natural dental anesthetic products.
Methodology: This narrative review was conducted through systematic searches of reputable scientific articles. Keywords including “toothache,” “dental anesthetic,” “medicinal plants,” and “ethnobotany” were used to search databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus. Searches were performed in both Persian and English. Inclusion criteria comprised plants explicitly mentioned in Iranian ethnobotanical sources as dental anesthetics or toothache relievers.
Results: The review of Iranian ethnobotanical sources identified plants such as Syzygium aromaticum, Pistacia khinjuk, Cichorium intybus, Thymus vulgaris, Centaurea cyanus, Amygdalus scoparia, Eucalyptus spp., Scutellaria multicaulis, Biebersteinia multifida, Verbascum thapsus, Ruta graveolens, Grammosciadium platycarpum, Mentha pulegium, Echium amoenum, Plantago major, Celtis australis, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Melissa officinalis, Dianthus orientalis, Amygdalus haussknechtii, Isatis raphanifolia, Cannabis sativa, Amygdalus lycioides, Daphne mucronata, Pistacia atlantica, Papaver dubium, Peganum harmala, Papaver somniferum, Mentha aquatica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Viola odorata traditionally used for dental pain relief or topical anesthesia. The family Caryophyllaceae had the highest representation with five species. Aerial parts were the most commonly utilized plant organs. The provinces of Ilam, Fars, and Lorestan exhibited the greatest diversity of plants used as dental anesthetics.
Conclusion: The remarkable diversity of medicinal plants with dental anesthetic properties documented in Iranian ethnobotanical sources highlights the rich potential of this indigenous heritage for the development of natural therapeutic agents. However, limitations in clinical and pharmacological studies regarding efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing underscore the need for more comprehensive scientific research. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern investigations may pave the way for the development of effective, low-side-effect herbal alternatives to conventional chemical anesthetics.
Methodology: This narrative review was conducted through systematic searches of reputable scientific articles. Keywords including “toothache,” “dental anesthetic,” “medicinal plants,” and “ethnobotany” were used to search databases such as Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Scopus. Searches were performed in both Persian and English. Inclusion criteria comprised plants explicitly mentioned in Iranian ethnobotanical sources as dental anesthetics or toothache relievers.
Results: The review of Iranian ethnobotanical sources identified plants such as Syzygium aromaticum, Pistacia khinjuk, Cichorium intybus, Thymus vulgaris, Centaurea cyanus, Amygdalus scoparia, Eucalyptus spp., Scutellaria multicaulis, Biebersteinia multifida, Verbascum thapsus, Ruta graveolens, Grammosciadium platycarpum, Mentha pulegium, Echium amoenum, Plantago major, Celtis australis, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Melissa officinalis, Dianthus orientalis, Amygdalus haussknechtii, Isatis raphanifolia, Cannabis sativa, Amygdalus lycioides, Daphne mucronata, Pistacia atlantica, Papaver dubium, Peganum harmala, Papaver somniferum, Mentha aquatica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Viola odorata traditionally used for dental pain relief or topical anesthesia. The family Caryophyllaceae had the highest representation with five species. Aerial parts were the most commonly utilized plant organs. The provinces of Ilam, Fars, and Lorestan exhibited the greatest diversity of plants used as dental anesthetics.
Conclusion: The remarkable diversity of medicinal plants with dental anesthetic properties documented in Iranian ethnobotanical sources highlights the rich potential of this indigenous heritage for the development of natural therapeutic agents. However, limitations in clinical and pharmacological studies regarding efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing underscore the need for more comprehensive scientific research. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern investigations may pave the way for the development of effective, low-side-effect herbal alternatives to conventional chemical anesthetics.
Keywords: Dental anesthesia, Medicinal plants, Toothache, Ethnobotany, Pain relief, Herbal anesthetics
Received: 2025/02/23 | Accepted: 2025/08/12
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