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Nosrati F, Fakheri B A, Ghaznavi H, Mahdinezhad N, Shirvalilu R, Fazeli-Nasab B. Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Bioactive Silver Nanoparticles Using Astragalus fasciculifolius Extracts: Regional Phytochemical Variation and Biomedical Potential. pbp 2025; 7 (In press)
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.html
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.html
Fatemeh Nosrati1 
, Barat Ali Fakheri1 , Habib Ghaznavi2 , Nafiseh Mahdinezhad1 , Roghayyeh Shirvalilu2 , Bahman Fazeli-Nasab *3
, Barat Ali Fakheri1 , Habib Ghaznavi2 , Nafiseh Mahdinezhad1 , Roghayyeh Shirvalilu2 , Bahman Fazeli-Nasab *3
1- Department of Plant Breeding and biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 9861335856 Zabol, Iran
2- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 9816743463 Zahedan, Iran
3- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran ,bfazelinasab@gmail.com
2- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 9816743463 Zahedan, Iran
3- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran ,
Abstract: (10 Views)
Introduction: Today, green synthesis of nanoparticles has been widely recognized as a promising strategy in the fields of material science and nanotechnology. In this study, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using a highly efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly process. The bioreduction process to yield AgNPs was carried out at room temperature using Anzaroot (Astragalus fasciculifolius Bioss) Root and gum Aqueous extracts.
Materials and methods: A. fasciculifolius gum and roots were collected from six locations in Sistan-Baluchestan Province (Table 1). Aqueous extracts were prepared (10g/100mL) and analyzed for total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu), flavonoids (AlCl3), and carbohydrates (phenol-sulfuric acid). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using 1, 3 and 5mM AgNO3 (1 mM was chosen as the best concentration) and characterized by UV-Vis, TEM, and XRD. Antioxidant (DPPH) and antimicrobial (MIC/MBC) activities were evaluated against four bacterial strains. GC-MS (Agilent 7890A) analysis was performed using an HP-5 MS column.
Results: GC-MS analysis revealed significant regional variations in A. fasciculifolius gum composition, with Khash samples dominated by aliphatic hydrocarbons (nonane, octane) and Sarava samples containing atypical pharmaceutical compounds (pilocarpine, gabapentin derivatives). Sarbaz gum exhibited unique nitrogenous compounds (17.52% urea derivative), suggesting environmental adaptations. ANOVA confirmed significant (p<0.01) location-dependent differences in phenolic content (32.41 mg GAE/g mean), with Poshtkuh showing maximum accumulation (42.61 mg GAE/g). Flavonoid content varied markedly (0–2.0 mg QE/g), while carbohydrate levels (366.93 mg GE/g mean) showed habitat-specific variations (p<0.01). Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from root/gum Aqueous extracts exhibited surface plasmon resonance (400–500 nm) and crystalline structure (XRD peaks at 38°, 43°, 64°, 77.3°). TEM revealed spherical AgNPs (5–50 nm), with gum-derived nanoparticles (23.29 nm) demonstrating superior DPPH radical scavenging (98.40% at 500 μg/mL) compared to root-derived counterparts (81.41%). Antimicrobial assays (400 μg/mL) highlighted enhanced Gram-negative inhibition by AgNPs (MIC 3.12–50 μg/mL), while crude extracts were more effective against Gram-positive strains. These findings underscore the ecological and pharmacological significance of A. fasciculifolius derivatives.
Conclusion: The study highlights A. fasciculifolius gum's diverse phytochemistry, regional variability, and bioactivity, with potential applications in antimicrobials, antioxidants, and nanomedicine, Bioactive AgNPs with antioxidant potent and Gram-selective antibacterial properties. Future research should explore environmental influences on compound synthesis, pharmacological mechanisms, and scalable AgNP production for therapeutic use.
Materials and methods: A. fasciculifolius gum and roots were collected from six locations in Sistan-Baluchestan Province (Table 1). Aqueous extracts were prepared (10g/100mL) and analyzed for total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu), flavonoids (AlCl3), and carbohydrates (phenol-sulfuric acid). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using 1, 3 and 5mM AgNO3 (1 mM was chosen as the best concentration) and characterized by UV-Vis, TEM, and XRD. Antioxidant (DPPH) and antimicrobial (MIC/MBC) activities were evaluated against four bacterial strains. GC-MS (Agilent 7890A) analysis was performed using an HP-5 MS column.
Results: GC-MS analysis revealed significant regional variations in A. fasciculifolius gum composition, with Khash samples dominated by aliphatic hydrocarbons (nonane, octane) and Sarava samples containing atypical pharmaceutical compounds (pilocarpine, gabapentin derivatives). Sarbaz gum exhibited unique nitrogenous compounds (17.52% urea derivative), suggesting environmental adaptations. ANOVA confirmed significant (p<0.01) location-dependent differences in phenolic content (32.41 mg GAE/g mean), with Poshtkuh showing maximum accumulation (42.61 mg GAE/g). Flavonoid content varied markedly (0–2.0 mg QE/g), while carbohydrate levels (366.93 mg GE/g mean) showed habitat-specific variations (p<0.01). Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from root/gum Aqueous extracts exhibited surface plasmon resonance (400–500 nm) and crystalline structure (XRD peaks at 38°, 43°, 64°, 77.3°). TEM revealed spherical AgNPs (5–50 nm), with gum-derived nanoparticles (23.29 nm) demonstrating superior DPPH radical scavenging (98.40% at 500 μg/mL) compared to root-derived counterparts (81.41%). Antimicrobial assays (400 μg/mL) highlighted enhanced Gram-negative inhibition by AgNPs (MIC 3.12–50 μg/mL), while crude extracts were more effective against Gram-positive strains. These findings underscore the ecological and pharmacological significance of A. fasciculifolius derivatives.
Conclusion: The study highlights A. fasciculifolius gum's diverse phytochemistry, regional variability, and bioactivity, with potential applications in antimicrobials, antioxidants, and nanomedicine, Bioactive AgNPs with antioxidant potent and Gram-selective antibacterial properties. Future research should explore environmental influences on compound synthesis, pharmacological mechanisms, and scalable AgNP production for therapeutic use.
Keywords: Anzaroot (Astragalus fasciculifolius Bioss), Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Herbal Drugs
Received: 2025/06/26 | Accepted: 2025/07/13 | Published: 2025/12/1
Received: 2025/06/26 | Accepted: 2025/07/13 | Published: 2025/12/1
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