Volume 8, Issue 4 And Pre-proof (9-2026)
pbp 2026, 8(4 And Pre-proof): 0-0 |
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Soltannezhad S, Takbiri Osgoei L, Javani Jouni F. Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Capecitabine and Naringin on HER2+ (SK-BR-3) and HER2− (MCF-7) Breast Cancer Cell Lines. pbp 2026; 8 (4)
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-440-en.html
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-440-en.html
1- Department of Biochemistry, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Biochemistry, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,l.takbiri@iau.ac.ir
2- Department of Biochemistry, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (14 Views)
Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women, and natural compounds are increasingly investigated as adjuncts to conventional chemotherapy. This study evaluated the combined antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of naringin and capecitabine in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines.
Methods: Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay after treatment with each compound alone and in paired combinations, and drug interactions were explored using the Combination Index (CI). Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: Curve-extrapolated IC50 estimates of naringin were 58 and 56.65 µg/mL in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, respectively, while the corresponding capecitabine estimates were 619.36 and 679.51 µg/mL. Paired treatments reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. CI values were below 1 at all four tested combinations in MCF-7 cells and at three of four combinations in SK-BR-3 cells; the lowest-dose combination in SK-BR-3 yielded a CI of 1.437. Because only a limited number of paired concentrations were tested, these results were interpreted as exploratory evidence of enhanced drug interaction rather than definitive pharmacological synergy.
Conclusion: Combination treatment increased the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio and produced a numerically greater apoptotic response than individual treatments. Antiproliferative activity was greater in SK-BR-3 cells under the tested conditions, but this difference cannot be attributed specifically to HER2 status. Overall, naringin may enhance capecitabine activity, warranting confirmation using broader dose-response matrices and mechanistic studies.
Methods: Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay after treatment with each compound alone and in paired combinations, and drug interactions were explored using the Combination Index (CI). Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: Curve-extrapolated IC50 estimates of naringin were 58 and 56.65 µg/mL in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, respectively, while the corresponding capecitabine estimates were 619.36 and 679.51 µg/mL. Paired treatments reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. CI values were below 1 at all four tested combinations in MCF-7 cells and at three of four combinations in SK-BR-3 cells; the lowest-dose combination in SK-BR-3 yielded a CI of 1.437. Because only a limited number of paired concentrations were tested, these results were interpreted as exploratory evidence of enhanced drug interaction rather than definitive pharmacological synergy.
Conclusion: Combination treatment increased the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio and produced a numerically greater apoptotic response than individual treatments. Antiproliferative activity was greater in SK-BR-3 cells under the tested conditions, but this difference cannot be attributed specifically to HER2 status. Overall, naringin may enhance capecitabine activity, warranting confirmation using broader dose-response matrices and mechanistic studies.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Herbal Drugs
Received: 2026/07/29 | Accepted: 2026/09/5 | Published: 2026/09/19
Received: 2026/07/29 | Accepted: 2026/09/5 | Published: 2026/09/19
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