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Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxy phenol) is a phenolic compound of the clove family Syzygium aromaticum. In traditional medicine, clove oil has been used as an antimicrobial, antiseptic and antispasmodic. Nowadays, there is also a wide range of use of eugenol for several purposes such as household products, fragrance in soaps and cosmetics, skincare products, flavoring substances for food, dental and pharmaceutical products. Eugenol causes an enhancement in skin penetration of diverse drugs, agricultural applications to protect foods from microorganisms, treatment of skin infections, skin lesions, and inflammatory disorders.

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The increased use of antibiotics and chemicals with various side effects is now persuading scientists to develop natural substitutes with appropriate effectiveness and protection for humans. The outbreak of the world's emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases has prompted pharmaceutical companies to develop new medicines. Valerian is one of the worldwide recognized medicinal herbs that consume abundantly for the treatment of various human diseases and disorders. The Valerianaceae family contains 10 genera and approximately 300 species ¹.  It has widely cultivated for commercial purposes in some regions of Iran, including ornamental, edible, and medical¹. 
V.officinalis rhizomes contain two major constituent groups, including volatile oil sesquiterpens and valpotriates. Both active components are present in the hypodermis in large thin-cells at the roots, and rhizomes periphery². Although there are still some disagreements about the relative efficacy of various groups of V.officinalis compounds, it is widely accepted that valerenic acid is the most important biologically active component^3,4. Valerenic acid and its derivatives are commonly considered to contribute to valerian extracts ' pharmaceutical effect, characterized and isolated by different analytical methods⁵.
Valerenic acid can be used in different disorders such as depression, chronic anxiety, and sleep disorders on the basis of the previous studies⁴. Based on previous literature, the valerenic acid component had antimicrobial effects on different microorganisms such as Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and its methanolic extract functions were dose-dependent^6,7,8. Since the antimicrobial activity of V. officinalis in the total extract was correlated with abundant monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, more research on various aspects of pharmaceutical effects is suggested.
 

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Allium Sativum L. is a plant with different nutritional and medicinal principles. Despite the valuable medicinal effects that have been reported for the garlic plant, but drug interactions with chemical drugs have been reported. Garlic interacts with antihypertensive drugs, Saquinavir, hypoglycemics, general anesthetics, and anticoagulants, so associated use of garlic with mentioned chemical drugs should be used with caution to prevent drug interactions and side effects.

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Objective: Migraine is a prevalent neurological condition characterized by severe, one-sided headaches often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. This ethnobotanical study aims to identify the medicinal plants used by the people of northern Iran that may be effective against migraines.
Methodology: This review article was conducted by searching the keywords of medicinal plants, traditional medicine, and migraine, from databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Unrelated related articles were removed and finally, related articles were used to review the texts.
Results: In the ethnobotany of the northern boundary of Iran (West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Khorasan provinces) of Iran, medicinal plants such as Origanum vulgare, Rosa canina, Asperula odorata L., Zingiber officinale, Valeriana officinalis are traditionally used. , Echinum ammonium, Ocimum basilicum, Melissa officinalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Salvia officinalis, Rheum ribes, Viola suavis, Ferulago angulate, and Juniperus polycarpos are used for migraine therapy.
Conclusion: Medicinal plants containing analgesic, antispasmodic, and sedative compounds can effectively treat migraines, providing therapeutic relief and relaxing effects.

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Objective: Hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice is one of the most common diseases in newborns. Jaundice must be treated because of the high risks it has for the fetus. In severe cases, jaundice may cause serious brain damage even in normal babies. To treat jaundice, light therapy, drug therapy, blood exchange or traditional medicine are used. Among the treatments that are common in the country are traditional treatments, especially herbal treatments. First, the purpose of this review is to review Shirkasht's (Cotoneaster horizontalis) treatment of jaundice in traditional medicine.
Methods: To carry out this review, the key words of Jaundice, medicinal plants, traditional medicine, extract, Cotoneaster horizontalis, Shirkasht were searched from Google Scholar, SID Scopus, PubMed databases.
Results: The results of the literature review show that medicinal plants such as milk thistle along with phototherapy can cure jaundice faster.
Conclusion: The use of medicinal plants such as milk thistle is effective in speeding up and facilitating the treatment of jaundice and should be used as a complementary medicine along with other treatments in the treatment of jaundice. Probably, breastfeeding causes the excretion of bilirubin by increasing the number of stools and urine of the baby.