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Recently, mathematical modeling and computer expertise are advancing hastily. Their progression has been smooth sailing. The advancements have expedited and speeded up our scientific analyses. Hence, it is fruitful and essential to take advantage of the opportunities. Leaf area is among the most important plant properties which are directly related to ecological and physiological variables of a plant including leaf area index, light interception, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and growth. Thus, its calculation is extremely important. In this study, leaf area of species typica tress in Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute of Iran named Kotra Germplasm Bank include Orange (Citrus sinensis), Mandarin (Citrus reticulata), Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and Lemon (Citrus lemon) were estimated using a non-destructive method Artificial neural network (NN) and by measuring quantitative leaf variables including width, length and a combination of width and length. For this purpose, four genera from each species were chosen and 200 leaves from different parts of their crown were collected. The width and length of the leaves were measured in the lab using a ruler, and their area was measured by a leaf area meter. This disquisition answered if GMDH-type NN was able to be applied to assess the area of the leaf as deferent according to particular variables consisting of a leaf with and leaf length. The average width, length, and area of leaves values significantly differed among the studied species as per the results.GMDH type NN provides a thriving tool for efficient detection of the model in data and precisely anticipating a proceeds indicator based on search input data and it’s able to be used to predict leaf area according to width and length.

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Objective: Diseases caused by various drug-resistant strains in plants are increasing in many countries, so many efforts have been made to find new compounds as a suitable alternative to chemical drugs and pesticides. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of essential oils and ethanolic extracts of 10 medicinal plants were investigated on Rathayibacter tritici and Xanthomonas translucens.
Material and Methods:  Alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants were extracted using a rotary apparatus. Two standard bacteria R. tritici and X. translucens were prepared from Persian Type Culture Collection. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils and ethanolic extracts of plants used at a concentration of 50 mg/ ml were determined by dilution in liquid medium on pathogens.
Results: Based on the results, the lowest inhibitory concentration of thyme essential oil was 6.25 ppm, which was inhibited by R. tritici, and the lowest concentration of Hypericum perforatum essential oil against X. translucens was 6.25 ppm. The lowest concentrations of essential oils of yew and fennel were 6.25 ppm, which were inhibited by both bacteria. Rubia tinctorum leaf essential oil in a concentration of 6.25 only inhibited R. tritici bacteria. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils of the studied plants were higher than the extract.
Conclusion: Essential oils of yew and oleander were the most effective against R. tritici and X. translucens, followed by thyme and rosemary against R. tritici and herring flower against X. translucens.  Although the clinical use of ethanolic extracts and essential oils of the studied plants seems valuable due to side effects, but for the clinical use of essential oils and extracts, more research should be done on the mechanism of action of effective compounds of these plants on microbial agents.

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Objective: The global burden of cancer is increasing due to aging, population growth, poor nutrition, inadequate exercise, as well as high-risk behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. According to the World Health Organization, in 2008, the ASR (Age Standardized Rate) of cancers of both sexes (according to the global reference population) in Iran is 107.7 per 100,000 population, and its five most common cancers are stomach, breast, colorectum, Bladder, and leukemia. According to global ASR statistics, the most common cancers in both sexes are 181.6 and five cancers are lung, breast, colorectal, stomach, and prostate. With the increase in life expectancy and the increase in the aging index in the population of Iran, it is expected that the incidence of various cancers will increase in the coming years and a lot of humans and financial capitals will be wasted. On the other hand, with the advancement of technology in bioinformatics and molecular techniques, a lot of information has been obtained that will help in the early detection of cancer. Meanwhile, despite much research on cancer and its treatment, this disease is still one of the biggest health problems in human societies.
Material and Methods: This research has been prepared in the form of a library, also articles reported in authoritative sources such as Springer, Elsevier, PubMed, Nature, etc. in 2021.
Results: Alfalfa extract and Aloe vera L. have been used to treat breast cancer and prevent dermatitis. Nigella sativa and boron have been used in the treatment of prostate, breast, cervical and lung cancers. Wild pistachio has been shown to affect colon cancer cell line. Artichokes improve the liver, bile, lower cholesterol and blood lipids. The leaves of the Hedera plant (Hedera pasuchovii G.Woronow) have been shown to affect breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and uterus (Hela) as well as blood lymphocytes. Bakhtiari savory has been effective on Hela cancer cell line.
Conclusion: Considering that chemical drugs used in the treatment of cancer, in addition to creating drug resistance the study of medicinal plants and factors of natural origins, such as compounds derived from medicinal plants used in the treatment of cancer is one of the most important objectives of the present study.

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Objective: The Geminiviridae family comprises significant plant pathogens causing severe economic losses worldwide. Among them, Begomovirus species, like Mimosa yellow leaf curl virus (MiYLCV), threaten crops and ornamental plants. Natural compounds, such as thyme and eucalyptus essential oils, may offer antiviral solutions. This study investigates the inhibitory potential of thyme and eucalyptus essential oils against MiYLCV coat protein using molecular docking, providing insights into eco-friendly antiviral strategies.
Methods:  In this study, first, the three-dimensional structure of phytochemical compounds present in the two medicinal plants, Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus grandis, was obtained from the PubChem database. Next, the three-dimensional structure of the virus coat protein was optimized using the Swiss-MODEL online tool. The ability of the selected chemical compounds to inhibit the coat protein associated with pathogen virulence was explored using the molecular docking method using the specialized software autodock4.2.6.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis of Mimosa yellow vein virus coat protein revealed close relationships between some Begomovirus sequences (e.g., NP_808548.1 and NP_803540.1), while others (YP_00358491.1, ADW83758.1) showed divergence. The 3D protein model exhibited stable Ramachandran plot angles. Among thyme compounds, β-Myrcene had the highest permeability (logP=2.89), while γ-Terpinene showed the highest solubility (logS=-3.45). In eucalyptus, Isoamyl isovalerate (logP=3.05) and alpha-Terpinene (logS=-3.30) exhibited extreme values. Molecular docking identified strong binding interactions: Endo-borneol (-4.75 kcal/mol), α-Terpineol (-4.96 kcal/mol), and Terpinen-4-ol (-4.78 kcal/mol) from thyme, and beta-Terpineol (-5.14 kcal/mol), trans-Carveol (-5.15 kcal/mol), and Carvotanacetone (-5.21 kcal/mol) from eucalyptus exhibited the highest affinity for the viral coat protein. These findings suggest potential antiviral activity against Mimosa yellow vein virus.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the combination of a-Terpineol and Carvotanacetone act as the strongest binding molecules in thyme and eucalyptus plants, respectively. These compounds can be proposed as potent antagonists targeting the coat protein of Mimosa yellow vein virus, effectively impeding its function.

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Introduction: Today, green synthesis of nanoparticles has been widely recognized as a promising strategy in the fields of material science and nanotechnology. In this study, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using a highly efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly process. The bioreduction process to yield AgNPs was carried out at room temperature using Anzaroot (Astragalus fasciculifolius Bioss) Root and gum Aqueous extracts.
Materials and methods: A. fasciculifolius gum and roots were collected from six locations in Sistan-Baluchestan Province (Table 1). Aqueous extracts were prepared (10g/100mL) and analyzed for total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu), flavonoids (AlCl3), and carbohydrates (phenol-sulfuric acid). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using 1, 3 and 5mM AgNO3 (1 mM was chosen as the best concentration) and characterized by UV-Vis, TEM, and XRD. Antioxidant (DPPH) and antimicrobial (MIC/MBC) activities were evaluated against four bacterial strains. GC-MS (Agilent 7890A) analysis was performed using an HP-5 MS column.
Results: GC-MS analysis revealed significant regional variations in A. fasciculifolius gum composition, with Khash samples dominated by aliphatic hydrocarbons (nonane, octane) and Sarava samples containing atypical pharmaceutical compounds (pilocarpine, gabapentin derivatives). Sarbaz gum exhibited unique nitrogenous compounds (17.52% urea derivative), suggesting environmental adaptations. ANOVA confirmed significant (p<0.01) location-dependent differences in phenolic content (32.41 mg GAE/g mean), with Poshtkuh showing maximum accumulation (42.61 mg GAE/g). Flavonoid content varied markedly (0–2.0 mg QE/g), while carbohydrate levels (366.93 mg GE/g mean) showed habitat-specific variations (p<0.01). Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from root/gum Aqueous extracts exhibited surface plasmon resonance (400–500 nm) and crystalline structure (XRD peaks at 38°, 43°, 64°, 77.3°). TEM revealed spherical AgNPs (5–50 nm), with gum-derived nanoparticles (23.29 nm) demonstrating superior DPPH radical scavenging (98.40% at 500 μg/mL) compared to root-derived counterparts (81.41%). Antimicrobial assays (400 μg/mL) highlighted enhanced Gram-negative inhibition by AgNPs (MIC 3.12–50 μg/mL), while crude extracts were more effective against Gram-positive strains. These findings underscore the ecological and pharmacological significance of A. fasciculifolius derivatives.
Conclusion: The study highlights A. fasciculifolius gum's diverse phytochemistry, regional variability, and bioactivity, with potential applications in antimicrobials, antioxidants, and nanomedicine, Bioactive AgNPs with antioxidant potent and Gram-selective antibacterial properties. Future research should explore environmental influences on compound synthesis, pharmacological mechanisms, and scalable AgNP production for therapeutic use.