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Owolabi T, A Ayinde B. Pharmacognostic Profiling and Standardisation of Praxelis clematidea (Griseb): Morphological, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Insights. pbp 2026; 8
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.html
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.html
1- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria , owolabitunde1@gmail.com
2- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
2- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Abstract: (38 Views)
Objective: P. clematidea, a member of the Asteraceae family, is gaining medicinal interest yet remains underexplored in terms of its pharmacognostic features. The absence of standardised pharmacognostic data for P. clematidea significantly limits its therapeutic potential and broader acceptance. Its phytochemical composition, which is notably diverse and subject to variation across different regions, revealed the pressing need for a comprehensive pharmacognostic framework. The current study is, to our knowledge, the first to present foundational data essential for the standardization of P. clematidea. These data will support the development of reliable herbal preparations and guide future pharmacological research, while also facilitating differentiation from other morphologically similar species within the Asteraceae family.
Methods: Macroscopical and microscopic analyses were performed to characterize tissues and cell inclusions. Quantitative microscopy determined leaf constants. Physicochemical parameters, including ash values, extractive values, and moisture content, were analyzed. Phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were used to detect secondary metabolites. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in animal models to determine LD₅₀.
Results: The plant exhibited unique morphological features, with specific anatomical characters. Quantitative microscopy recorded vein islet (20 ± 1.45), vein termination (52 ± 5.27), and stomatal indices of 20 ± 1.25 (upper) and 18 ± 0.94 (lower). Physicochemical values were total ash (12.667 ± 0.219%), loss on drying (7.433 ± 0.636%), water-soluble extractive (8.967 ± 0.393%), and alcohol-soluble extractive (15.733 ± 0.561%). Phytochemical tests detected flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids with five TLC spots. Acute toxicity studies indicated moderate toxicity (LD₅₀ = 565.69 mg/kg).
Conclusion: This study establishes standardised diagnostic parameters for P. clematidea, ensuring accurate identification and reliable quality control. The characterized bioactive constituents show its medicinal relevance, while toxicity evaluation indicates preliminary safety for therapeutic use. The findings support its inclusion in pharmacopoeial monographs and its safe application in herbal medicine.
Methods: Macroscopical and microscopic analyses were performed to characterize tissues and cell inclusions. Quantitative microscopy determined leaf constants. Physicochemical parameters, including ash values, extractive values, and moisture content, were analyzed. Phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were used to detect secondary metabolites. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in animal models to determine LD₅₀.
Results: The plant exhibited unique morphological features, with specific anatomical characters. Quantitative microscopy recorded vein islet (20 ± 1.45), vein termination (52 ± 5.27), and stomatal indices of 20 ± 1.25 (upper) and 18 ± 0.94 (lower). Physicochemical values were total ash (12.667 ± 0.219%), loss on drying (7.433 ± 0.636%), water-soluble extractive (8.967 ± 0.393%), and alcohol-soluble extractive (15.733 ± 0.561%). Phytochemical tests detected flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids with five TLC spots. Acute toxicity studies indicated moderate toxicity (LD₅₀ = 565.69 mg/kg).
Conclusion: This study establishes standardised diagnostic parameters for P. clematidea, ensuring accurate identification and reliable quality control. The characterized bioactive constituents show its medicinal relevance, while toxicity evaluation indicates preliminary safety for therapeutic use. The findings support its inclusion in pharmacopoeial monographs and its safe application in herbal medicine.
Keywords: Praxelis clematidea, Phytochemistry, Standardization, Quality Control, Microscopy, Thin Layer Chromatography
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Phytochemistry
Received: 2025/06/21 | Accepted: 2025/10/10 | Published: 2026/01/1
Received: 2025/06/21 | Accepted: 2025/10/10 | Published: 2026/01/1
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