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Karuppiah Pillai M, Ndzinisa Ndabenhle L, Mcelwa Mamba S, Sifiso Vilane V, Dumsani Crispin G, Thwala J M. Radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents of extracts from Cussonia spicata - A Swazi medicinal plant. pbp 2026; 8 (4)
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-417-en.html
URL: http://pbp.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-417-en.html
Manoharan Karuppiah Pillai1 
, Linda Ndzinisa Ndabenhle1 , Saul Mcelwa Mamba1 , Vuzumuzi Sifiso Vilane1 , Gomes Dumsani Crispin1 , Justice Mandlenkhosi Thwala *2
, Linda Ndzinisa Ndabenhle1 , Saul Mcelwa Mamba1 , Vuzumuzi Sifiso Vilane1 , Gomes Dumsani Crispin1 , Justice Mandlenkhosi Thwala *2
1- University of Eswatini
2- University of Eswatini ,jmthwala@uniswa.sz
2- University of Eswatini ,
Abstract: (3 Views)
Objectives: Cussonia spicata (Araliaceae family) has traditionally been used in the ethno-medicine, especially in the ethno-veterinary medicine. We expected that C. spicata may have antioxidant activity due to its applications in the traditional medicine. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential, to determine the IC50 values, to estimate total phenolic contents (TPCs) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) of various solvent extracts obtained separately from the leaves and stem-bark of C. spicata collected in the Kingdom of Eswatini.
Methods: Maceration technique together with hot solvent extraction technique was used to obtain various solvent extracts. DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant potential and determine the IC50 values. Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods were employed to quantify the TPCs and TFCs, respectively.
Results: The percentage of DPPH radical scavenging potential of various leaf and stem-bark extracts and positive control (ascorbic acid) were determined as 6.06-67.13, 5.53-73.70, and 36.08-95.13%, respectively at a concentration range of 93.75-3000µg/mL. The acetone extract from leaves and the dichloromethane extract from stem-bark showed relatively higher scavenging potential. However, all extracts showed relatively lower scavenging potential compared to the positive control. Additionally, the IC50 values of leaf and stem-bark extracts were determined in the ranges of 445.82- >3000µg/mL and 612.35- >3000µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 value of the positive control was determined as 138.91µg/mL. The acetone leaf extract and n-hexane stem-bark extract showed relatively lower IC50 values. The TPCs of various extracts from the leaves and stem-bark were estimated as in the ranges of 0.036-124.702 and 10.417-121.194mg GAE/g DW, respectively. The TFCs of various extracts from the leaves and stem-bark were estimated as in the ranges of 4.181-32.776 and 0.235-34.451mg QE/g DW, respectively.
Conclusion: From this study, we concluded that various extracts from the leaves and stem-bark of C. spicata exhibited a moderate to significant scavenging potential and possessed a moderate to significant TPCs and TFCs. The plant may serve as a potential source of bioactive antioxidant compounds pending further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.
Methods: Maceration technique together with hot solvent extraction technique was used to obtain various solvent extracts. DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant potential and determine the IC50 values. Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods were employed to quantify the TPCs and TFCs, respectively.
Results: The percentage of DPPH radical scavenging potential of various leaf and stem-bark extracts and positive control (ascorbic acid) were determined as 6.06-67.13, 5.53-73.70, and 36.08-95.13%, respectively at a concentration range of 93.75-3000µg/mL. The acetone extract from leaves and the dichloromethane extract from stem-bark showed relatively higher scavenging potential. However, all extracts showed relatively lower scavenging potential compared to the positive control. Additionally, the IC50 values of leaf and stem-bark extracts were determined in the ranges of 445.82- >3000µg/mL and 612.35- >3000µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 value of the positive control was determined as 138.91µg/mL. The acetone leaf extract and n-hexane stem-bark extract showed relatively lower IC50 values. The TPCs of various extracts from the leaves and stem-bark were estimated as in the ranges of 0.036-124.702 and 10.417-121.194mg GAE/g DW, respectively. The TFCs of various extracts from the leaves and stem-bark were estimated as in the ranges of 4.181-32.776 and 0.235-34.451mg QE/g DW, respectively.
Conclusion: From this study, we concluded that various extracts from the leaves and stem-bark of C. spicata exhibited a moderate to significant scavenging potential and possessed a moderate to significant TPCs and TFCs. The plant may serve as a potential source of bioactive antioxidant compounds pending further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.
Keywords: Cussonia spicata, Araliaceae, antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging assay, IC50 values, total phenolic contents (TPCs)
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Ethno-medicine
Received: 2026/06/17 | Accepted: 2026/06/20 | Published: 2026/09/19
Received: 2026/06/17 | Accepted: 2026/06/20 | Published: 2026/09/19
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